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Ming Xuan (08)

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VISHWA HARAN (33) 4/5

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Tricia Tan

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Priya

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Muhd Arfan (16)

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rachel lau

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Chen Jia Yan (03) 4/5

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I am Melvin.

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Yi Hui (4)

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Benjamin

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My name is Wong Shu Yang

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GROUP 1: Yu Qin, Rachel Lau, Shu Yang, Arfan

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GROUP 1: Yu Qin, Rachel Lau, Shu Yang, Arfan

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GROUP 3 : RAEANNE / TRICIA / JIA YAN / PRIYA

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GROUP 3 : RAEANNE / TRICIA / JIA YAN / PRIYA

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Question 4: Which component of the hunger issue are we able to effectively solve? Why do you think so?

The lack of food produced. By incorporating Technoogical means, it is possible to introduce to farmers in Biotechnology and GMOs. The crops may be able to grow in harsh conditions and be more resistant to temperature changes due to Global Warming, as well as being able to attain a higher yield by using Higher Yield Varieties.

Question 5: Which components of the hunger issue still pose a challenge? Why do you think so?

Having zero stunted children. As they mainly exist in LDCs, it would be hard to be able to transport and ensure that children in remote parts are able to receive this due to the often lacking infrastructure in these countries and sometimes, inefficient government, Thus, despite having enough food and although some may be donated to these children by organisations, it is a challenge to be able to reach those living in remote undeveloped areas in the desert or in urban slums.

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Alicia
Yi Hui
Ming Xuan
Min Min

Questions:
1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

lack of food. there is not enough food to feed the growing population. Nigeria faces shortage of food due to longer dry seasons which means that less crops will be produced as growing seasons are shorter.  Nigeria also has inadequate food storage facilities.

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria?

a predicted shorter rainy season,
growing population, less crops would be able to grow as growing seasons are shorter
succession military dictatorship
no diesel to make dams/canals work
growing population, they now need to rely on neighbouring countries for food
crippled by soaring costs of fertilizers, seeds and fuel. Less of these can be bought to support the growth of crops
people are moving away from farming and agriculture to the cities

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

governments did very little to ensure that farmers can recover the costs, let alone gain profit
there is no control in prices put in by the government either

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Haran, Melvin, Quentin, Isaac

1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

In Nigeria there is a lack of food. Nigeria has one of the largest population in Africa with about 200 million. The amount of food produced is not able to keep up with the rapid growth of population. Drought is also a big issue as the lack of water makes the crops unable to grow.

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack of government support, price instability]
-Dry seasons are common
-The Government doesn't provide much support to the farmers
-Projects such as dams and storage facilities are halted due to lack of funds and materials
-Prices of crops and fertilizers are high and volatile
-Machinery like tractors require diesel but diesel is expensive even in oil rich Nigeria

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video? -
The government did not do much to ensure that farmers recover the amount lost. There is no control in prices of food. This discourages the farmers to work hard to produce crops causing lack of food security.

4.

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Factor:  Social Strategy  Moussault Quentin Benefit  Melvin Lim Which aspect of hunger is it able to address(LINK) Vishwa Haran Limitation and Negative Impact.  Isaac Wong Which aspect of hunger does it exacerbate or is unable to address?OR How do the other negative impacts negate...

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Answer the questions in your group after watching the video and reading the article in the following link:http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/mar/26/nigeria-food-crisis-short-rainy-season

Questions:
1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?
2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack ofgovernment support, price instability]
3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food securityfrom this video?

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FRED DE SAM LAZARO, correspondent: This busy food market in Mayadoua sits just inside Nigeria's northern border. A lot of produce, like these beans, is from neighboring Niger, even though that nation's 13 million people are often on the brink of starvation. The economics are simple: Prices are higher in oil-rich Nigeria.

But why is Nigeria even importing food? Agricultural produce used to be its main export. Now it must turn to neighbors to feed its growing population, already Africa's largest at 140 million.

Most Nigerians live on farms, but today many, like the extended Usman family, can barely provide for themselves. The rains provided a good crop of sorghum and maize this season, maybe enough to get through the dry season. But even as the ladies sing to celebrate a good crop, Ramatu Usman and Aisha Yusuf say each new year brings new uncertainty.

AISHA YUSUF SAY: We've had difficult times when rainfall was poor, when we had to rely on leaves and shrubs.

RAMATU USMAN: We pluck them, boil them, sprinkle with salt, sometimes eat them with peanut butter.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Not that the food they enjoy today is either bountiful or balanced. The U.N. says almost a third of Nigeria's young children are moderately to severely underweight.

In this family's main daily meal is a starchy porridge, flavored with chilies, dried tomatoes, and monosodium glutamate, or MSG, an additive that mimics the taste of meat, as they rarely have the real thing. The few goats and poultry are the savings account, sold to buy clothes or medicine or to pay for a wedding.

Much of the blame for the poor state of Nigerian agriculture lies with the successive military dictatorships, which since the 1970s promised, but never delivered, on grandiose modernization plans.

Muhammad Sabo Nanono heads a group of large farmers.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO, farm organizer: The focus was how to improve farming through a large-scale effort, as well as through the creation of facilities for dry-season farming. And this resulted in the construction of several dams in this country, in several irrigation schemes.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The Djibiya dam project was one part of the grand plan. Its canal network is supposed to water surrounding fields during the dry season, affording two crops a year instead of one. But much of the network is bone dry.

The water should be gushing through this canal. Instead, there's grass growing in it. The problem is that the electric supply is erratic around there and there's no diesel to run the pumps. No diesel in one of the world's most energy-rich nations.

A few fields have benefited in Djibiya, alongside sloped canals that get water through gravity. But Yusuf Suleiman, a nearby farmer, says many growers have been burned trying to plant dry-season crops.

YUSUF SULEIMAN, Farmer: There were times before when people were mobilized, activity took off very well, but, unfortunately, somewhere in the middle there was a scarcity of water, so some people lose whatever they might have put in to place.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Other farmers say they've been crippled by soaring costs of fertilizers, seeds, and especially diesel fuel.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU, farmer (through translator): We used to get five gallons of diesel for two naira. Now it is 180 naira.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: In Katsina province, Kabir Abubaker Matazu has seen nothing but losses since buying 1,000 acres in the early 1970s.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU (through translator): The aim was to go into mechanized farming, using tractors, et cetera. But as you can see, they are here lying idle; 1987 was the last time we cultivated the whole farm.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Matazu says the government has done little to assure farmers can recover their costs, let alone make a profit.

KABIR ABUBAKER MATAZU (through translator): There should be some control of price of commodities in the market. Farmers need support from government to find a market that will make it work. As it is, there is no control on prices. One season, the price is very low; another year, it's very high.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO: So the farmers are exposed to the vagaries of price volatility. Today, if maize was given more money, people will rush to maize next year, and then the price of maize will collapse.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: For decades, the government plan has been to stabilize prices by building a strategic reserve. That would enable it to buy grain and to store or release it into the marketplace to curb wild price swings.

GUIDO FIRETTI, Contractor: Well, this is the 25,000-ton strategic grain reserve for Kaduna. It's presently at 75 percent stage of completion.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: There were supposed to be about three dozen such facilities, but fewer than half were ever completed, and those that were, never been more than half-filled. This one was started 20 years ago, says Guido Firetti, whose Italian firm was hired to finish it.

GUIDO FIRETTI: I believe it was awarded in '89, '90, and construction started here in '91 and stopped in '92, due to some various problems. Some of their materials were missing. And since then, it has been in a state of non-completion, until recently, when it was re-awarded.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's one more symbol of a government flush with oil revenues that lost its bearings, says Sabo Nanono.

MUHAMMAD SABO NANONO: The reality of the situation is the easy money that we get from the oil industry has created more problems than solutions, that we became virtually a consumer nation rather than a productive nation. And that culminated into huge imports of actually rice, even maize, and also imports of all other luxury items.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: He says oil revenues went to buy everything that should have been made or grown here, policies that urbanized the country, even built a whole new capital city, Abuja.

Thomas Odemwingie is with the non-government group, Action Aid.

THOMAS ODEMWINGIE, Action Aid: A lot of the able-bodied people, you know, who otherwise were involved in our culture now are headed for the cities. The local people, what do they have to show for the big dams? You know, their poverty -- their situation never changes.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Who made the money with all these dams?

THOMAS ODEMWINGIE: Who made the money? The private, you know, contractors who got the contract to build the dams, and most of them are foreigners. They are foreign, you know, firms.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: There are glimmers of hope that things are turning around in a country that only in the last decade or so has moved from military to democratic rule.

Guido Firetti points out that projects like this silo are finally being completed.

GUIDO FIRETTI: And it is the first time in so many years that we are -- we are hearing that they want to increase capacity and they want to boost agriculture. And, of course, we have to believe them until we are proven wrong.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Farmer Yusuf Suleiman, a member of the ruling party, is betting things will turn around, that government will become more responsive. He's investing in a dry-season crop for the first time in years.

YUSUF SULEIMAN: The minister of water resources was in Djibiya about four weeks ago on this project, and he made a pledge that the government is going to supply all the facilities that are required for this irrigation plan.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: You're prepared to bet that this government will deliver the water you need this winter? YUSUF SULEIMAN: Inshallah, inshallah, by the grace of God.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's critical for the larger region that farmers like Suleiman succeed, that Nigeria begins to meet more of its own food needs. With its large population and oil revenues, there's widespread fear that Nigeria will increasingly crowd out its smaller, impoverished neighbors from the region's food market.

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The first in a series of reports from around the world about food, food policy, and food security: Nigeria, a country that has historically enjoyed food surpluses. That was before vast oil reserves were discovered.

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rachel lim weiting jiawei glenda

Questions:

1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

-lack of food.
-unfavorable weather conditions

Due to the

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack ofgovernment support, price instability]

-lack of government support
-price fluctuations

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

-there are no control

4) Which component of the hunger issue are we able to effectively solve? Why do you think so?
- 100% access to adequate food all year round
developed countries can provide food aid to less developed countries

5) Which components of the hunger issue still pose a challenge? Why do you think so?
- zero loss or waste of food
some countries are not aware about the situation of food wastage and will continue wasting food

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Question 1: What type of food insecurity is most prevalent in Nigeria?

-Shortage Of Food due to dry season
-Price Fluctuations

Question 2:What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria?

Question 3: What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

The Government were unable to pay attention and deal with the food insecurity due to the military's infuence and position as the leading government. However, when Nigeria adopted Democracy, they were able to pay more attention in the country's food supply, as shown when silo constructions have been resumed since they were originally halted and stopped since the 1990s.

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Jenny
Dionne
Benjamin
Shi Wei

Questions:
1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

-Lack of food
People in Nigeria are mainly not hardworking and only farm exports that are of high yield from time to time.This causes fluctuations in crop prices where one is much higher than the others.As a result this  breaks the food market and people are unable to afford grains leading to shortage of food.

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack ofgovernment support, price instability]
-Lack of government support: Land Tenure
Government does not supply locals with financial assistance therefore they do not have the machineries to self-sustain and farm crops, leading to low- yield crops and as a result food insecurity.

-Price Instability
Since there is a difference in preference in crops, the price of some crops are more expensive than others. This causes fluctuation in prices of crops.

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?
-The government put in very little effort to ensure food security as they did not control the food prices, causing the prices to rise and less people in Nigeria can afford the food. The government also did not assure the people in Nigeria that there is sufficient amount of food for them. The government had not considered importing food in as they are afraid that it will result in certain food price inflation.

4. Which component of the hunger issue are we able to effectively solve? Why do you think so?
-Increase in smallholder productivity and income
Government can help by providing subsidies for them so that the smallholder farmers
are able to invest in technology to increase their productivity. This includes This in turn increases
their income as they are able to sell a greater amount of food and generate more
income.

5. Which components of the hunger issue still pose a challenge? Why do you think so?
-One of the components that still pose a challenge is the zero loss or waste of food. Nowadays, many people do not have the awareness of the consequences of wasting food, thus they continue wasting food. Therefore, by 2030, it is not guaranteed that zero loss or waste of food will be achieved.
-Another component is to achieve the goal of 100% access to adequate food all year round. It is still a challenge for many countries as some areas still have insufficient food due to high prices of food and low disposable income in families. Thus, by 2030, 100% access to

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celyn, roanne, yichen, sandra

1. What type of food insecurity is most prevalent in Nigeria?
lack of food

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria?
Factors such as erratic water supply, which is a situation whereby the countrymen would not know when water would be available to them , and when there would be a lack of water.Nigeria is also also under military dictatorship, using a general to be the leader of the country. At times, there may also be lack of diesel available to run water irrigation systems. The rising costs of the varying types o fertilisers are also a huge impact on the farmers as fertilisers may no longer be affordable for the farmers to purchase and use.

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?
government does little to ensure food security in Nigeria. There is no control on food prices in the market,
no control on prices in market

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jia yan
raeanne
priya
tricia

1. What type of food insecurity  is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

-lack of food
-lack of nutrition in the small amount of food provided
-price fluctuations
-severe food shortages due to poor harvests and required assistance

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria?

-dry season, and rainy season could be shorter than usual, leading to a likely fall in production
-lack of government support
-government did not follow through on their promsies to increase stroage facilities as they only followed through with half of the promised facilities
-price instability
-inability to use technology that they bought eg tractors

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

-they were unresponsive at first but in recent years they have become more and more responsive due to the severe issues surfacing
-essential as they are one of the main stakeholders in solving food shortages in countries, and can help prevent and solve this.

4. Which component of the hunger issue are we able to effectively solve? Why do you think so?

-Lack of food in LDCs
Technology: Green Revolution managed to reduce the problem of lack of food and malnutrition in LDCs. This is done through developing better technological machineries in LDCs, reducing the labour-strain that was once an issue.
Political: The government can implement laws and policies to improve hunger issues. For example, land reforms can be implemented to prevent land fragmentation and land tenure. International food aid can also significantly reduce food shortage in LDCs.

5. Which components of the hunger issue still holds a challenge? Why do you think so?

-Access to adequate food all year round
Some places do not have the adequate transport network or infrastructure such as storage facilities or roads to have food delivered to them all year round
-Large population
Places  with people who have lesser access to education such as in LDCs,  tend to be unsure of populaton control measures and family planning
-Urban poor
Not all countries have policies in place to aid the urban poor facing the problem of food shoratge. This is evident in the number of beggars and homeless people in countries such as India and America.

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Yung Chun, Si Ying, Sharon, Claire

1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

Lack of food is the most prevalent in Nigeria

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria?

A shorter rain season curtails the planting and cropping seasons, lowered crop yield

There is a growing population that requires more food

Political instability - Islamist insurgency causing and farmers to abandon their land

Modernized plants were never delivered

Electric supply is erratic

Absence of diesel to fuel the dams

Rising costs of diesel and fertilizers that are not affordable for poorer farmers

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

The government has done little to assure farmers can recover their cost

There is little control over the prices of commodities in the market, the prices are extreme

Less than half of the strategic reserves were completed

Oil revenues were used for urbanization

4. Which component of the hunger issue are we able to effectively solve? Why do you think so?

Land fragmentation can be solved by land consolidation and the land can then be more effectively because technology can then come into play to increase crop yield and increase the number of crop harvests yearly

Not enough land. Land can be reclaimed and the government can place their focus on ensuring that land is reserved to grow crops so that the prominent issue of food shortages can be addressed first instead of developing land for other uses like housing and factories

5. Which components of the hunger issue still pose a challenge? Why do you think so?

Food insecurity due to political instability because wars are usually because of ideological differences that cannot be easily solved by even third parties and mediators because values and thinking of people cannot be easily changed

Food shortages due to weather and climate. Natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, floods and long period of droughts can destroy food crops in both less developed and developing countries, thus affecting the hungry poor in these countries. The food shortages problem due to weather and climate cannot be solved easily as it cannot be controlled.

Poverty trap. People living in poverty cannot afford food for themselves and their families, this make them weaker and less able to earn the money that would help them escape poverty and hunger.

Most international cooperations would not be willing to help with providing help for LDCs because there is no incentives for them and they are instead on the losing hand when they provide help

Rapid population growth. Families in LDCs does not have education on family planning so the birth rate so high and more food supply is needed. The people in LDCs will remain hungry as there is not enough food.

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Yu Qin, Rachel Lau, Shu Yang, Arfan

1. What type of food insecurity (lack of food or lack of nutrition) is the most prevalent in Nigeria?

-lack of food

2. What factors foster food insecurity in Nigeria? [Possible answers: dry season, lack ofgovernment support, price instability]

-dry season
( rainy season could be shorter than usual, compounding a likely fall in production due to insecurity.
-low production of food
- forced farmers to abandon their land
Residents in remote villages, who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, have either left for fear of further attacks or depleted all their food stocks

3. What conclusions can you draw about the role of government in ensuring food security from this video?

- did not do much to ensure food security.
-they did not control the fluctuation of prices so that the people can afford it and also did not ensure that the people would at least get some food while facing food insecurity.