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Point: Ignorance is one of the major contributors to insufficiency in the development of a country's economy. Due to ignorance, decisions are made without considering the pros and cons of the decision made.
Analysis:
According to the Ghanaian Web Ghana has two port for exportation and importation of goods, the major port is in Accra and the other port which can be found in the Western Region of the country. Ghana is a major exporter for cocoa and cocoa is largely produced in the Western part but the cocoa beans are transported to Accra before exported instead of using the Western port to export.  This is due to the fact that the first president invested more in the port  so it had the capability of exporting more goods than the Western port. ignorance for the fact that cocoa farms were in the Western Region caused the country a lot of money to transport the cocoa beans to Accra

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Geography：ClimateAny extreme climate will hinder development, for example, being too hot, too cold, too wet or too dry. Many African countries are situated in very hot, arid climates. This makes food production difficult. Many of these countries, like Burkina Faso for example, are prone to drought and famine. Some of the poorest least developed countries are in the Sahel zone of Africa, like Mali and Chad. These countries have severe climatic problems, like drought, which can hamper development. This means they are unable to produce enough food to feed their populations. Money has to be borrowed for this, instead of it being invested in development projects.Any extreme in weather will make life difficult. It will be difficult to build houses and roads, to farm the land, to attract industry and to earn a living generally.Mountains and steep slopes again make it difficult to farm, travel and earn a living. This is true of mountainous countries like Afghanistan.Natural hazardsAreas likely to be hit by floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or by drought tend to remain less developed.

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Geography：ClimateAny extreme climate will hinder development, for example, being too hot, too cold, too wet or too dry. Many African countries are situated in very hot, arid climates. This makes food production difficult. Many of these countries, like Burkina Faso for example, are prone to drought and famine. Some of the poorest least developed countries are in the Sahel zone of Africa, like Mali and Chad. These countries have severe climatic problems, like drought, which can hamper development. This means they are unable to produce enough food to feed their populations. Money has to be borrowed for this, instead of it being invested in development projects.Any extreme in weather will make life difficult. It will be difficult to build houses and roads, to farm the land, to attract industry and to earn a living generally.Mountains and steep slopes again make it difficult to farm, travel and earn a living. This is true of mountainous countries like Afghanistan.Natural hazardsAreas likely to be hit by floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes or by drought tend to remain less developed.

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Culture Matter for Economic Development (Cheryl)

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Culture Matter for Economic Development (Cheryl)

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Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales (2006) define culture as “customary beliefs and values that ethnic, religious, and social groups transmit fairly unchanged from generation to generation” and Murdock (1965 ) argues that a culture consists of habits that are shared by members of a society.
Example:
1. Weber (2002) argues that the religious ideas of groups played a role in creating the capitalistic spirit. For example, the Protestant work ethic was an important force behind the unplanned and uncoordinated emergence of modern capitalism

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Analysis:
Culture play a vital role in shaping individual's behaviour/attitude or maintaining values of certain society. Both behaviour/attitude and values that the individuals has each contribute to their work ethics.

Example:
1) The 'mañana' culture in Latin America certainly lead to work be postponed to a later date, hence creating less productive working environment. Due to this, foreign investors are not confident to invest in country where productivity usually very low and very slow.

2) The 'meritocracy' culture and the 'Asian values' created by Lee Kwan Yew in Singapore, Singaporeans are usually labelled as hard-working people and have a utmost respect to the high ranking individual. These 'cultural practice' and values act as magnet attracting foreign investor to invest in Singapore. As a result currently Singapore economically becoming a leading states GDP per capita in Asia.

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Point: Culture is one of the main reason why some countries are richer than others. (by Naz)

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Point: Culture is one of the main reason why some countries are richer than others. (by Naz)

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Analysis: Culture play the crucial roles in shaping the behavior of the individual of the countries. where every individual could lead to the economic development in their countries

Example: the confusion ethnics. Confucius believed that mankind would be in harmony with the universe if everyone understood their rank in society and were taught the proper behaviour of their rank.
Hence from this social norms, it easy for the government to control.

Link back to the question: Therefore, good culture led to political stability that drift to the economic development of the country. Hence, thats the reason why some countries are richer than others because of their good culture.

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Point: Ignorance is the partial reason for imbalance of wealth between countries as arrisig market failures should be addressed in order for the economy to succeed. In addition,  ignorance should not be confused with different political views.

Analysis:
According to Killick (1978),
Ghana's regime has made many mistakes, which led to development of "inefficient state run industry". For instance, a mango canning plant were located in the area were mangoes were not growing and the output of that plant were greater than the entire world demand (Killick, 1978). In addition, shoe factotry were built in the middle of the country, while leather supplier and, more importantly, shoe market located on the very south of the country. It can be argued that, Ghana's leaders, at that time, were Ignorent to efficiency of the production.

Secondly, It can be argued that

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Climate differences link to distribution of natural resources.

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Climate differences link to distribution of natural resources.

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Rachel's argument for: different endowment of plant and animal species that make farming easier or harder, resulting in different level of development in terms of agriculture. (Diamond, 1997)
Rachel's argument against: apart from the difference of natural resources' distribution, politic and culture have great impacts on the development. for instance, the sharp contrast between two parts of Nogales, its prosperity is determined by their political system and democracy level. ( Acemoglu & Robinson, 2012).

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GEOGRAPHY
Tommy TEMI YOLA ERIC
Analysis: Differences in income are created by geographical differences. Poor countries in Africa, Central America and South Asia are between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Rich countries are in temperate latitudes.
humans are tropical mammals, most adapted to live in a climate with temperature around 25 °C (77 °F);  (Parker, 2000)
Evidence: According to Montesquieu (1745)Certain climates are superior to others. People living in warm countries are “too hot-tempered” and the climate of middle Europe  “optimal”. People in tropical climates tend to be lazy and lack inquisitiveness

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Culture could be one of the main reason of one countries development but not the only reason, example for the Chinese Confucian thought try to makes people behavior honest and righteousness to other people, in other world to created a kind of unself-fish society which makes people less competition and people over friedly and polite, if there is no competition then will have no progress which means the economic are diffcult in future development (China-mike.com, 2016).

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Culture affects economic activity through the choices that people make about how to allocate scarce resources, however, cultural factors alone do not explain all of the cross-national variation in economic growth rates as a society's economic and political institutions also make a difference.
Example
the countries of South Korea and North South have shared value systems over the centuries because both of them are located in South East Asia, the similarity history of these two countries has formed into two extreme differences economy ideology after the division of Korea in 1945 following World War II to today.

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How culture affect the economic of one country ? (by Alice) 

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How culture affect the economic of one country ? (by Alice) 

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Although the culture can given a level of effect to the economic of one country. However, there still have another effect which given a more big effect to the economic of one country.

Argument 1: Corruption
-corruption can make the country become poor because the leader of the government keep using the taxes for their own interest but not the development of the country.  This make the country do not have change to increase the life standard and very hard to join in the global market.

-This kind of effect is even more than the effect of culture

Evidence:
-Singapore and Malaysia both share the similar culture and history background. However, the problem of  corruption of Malaysia is seem to be more serious than Singapore. So this maybe  this reason why the economic of Malaysia is weaker than Singapore.

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Main Point: to what extent do you think that the Political institutions has played a important role in national economic success.
Analysis
Argument 1: the political institutions ensure that it is worthwhile working hard and creating wealth create economic prosperity.
Evidence:
1.  All countries in the list of the top ten global innovation index rankings for 2015 are democratic countries which intends to protect innovation.
2. Comparison between South Korea and North Korea from CIA World Factbook (2016). Data shows the GDP per capita of South Korea is nearly 45 times of North Korea's, the education of South Korea is quite advanced even in the world, people's life expectancy are relatively 12 years longer than North Korea's, people have rights to own their business and profits in South Korea so that economic environment is quite free and relatively much more developed. however, things are totally opposite in North Korea.
3. Some technological companies has made huge contribution for their national economy and it has to  be related to their national education system. one of the best example is the US. Acemoglu and Robinson (2012) argues on this: it is because US teenagers have access to as much education as they want.
Argument 2: the political institutions could not really affects creating economic prosperity.
Evidence:
1. Based on the research of Acemoglu and Robison (2012)  towards a town half of  which belongs to the US and the other half belong to Mexico. the GDP per capita of Mexican part is $10000 and this is already relatively high for Mexico, while the American part is $30000, moreover, education and law and other sides are poor, however, Mexico is truly democratic country just like the U.S.
2.