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Antonietta Alvarez & Nicole Jimenez

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But... How did Europeans navigated all the way to America in 1492?

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But... How did Europeans navigated all the way to America in 1492?

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There was a major technological advance due to the rebirth of the Renaissance, improving inventions such as map making, shipbuilding, sailing compasses... Things that made it easier for them to explore.

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How was life as a slave in the sugar plantations?

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How was life as a slave in the sugar plantations?

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The average lifespan of a young African male working in a sugar plantation was 7 years, there was never positive population growth.

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Interactions between Eurpopeans and Native Americans

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Interactions between Eurpopeans and Native Americans

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At the beginning, there were misunderstandings and conflicts between the groups --> as time went on they adopted some apects of each other's cultures

Religous syncretism is the fusion/blending of diverse religious beliefs and practices   -->  after the arrival of Europeans, some native americans followed a personal faith that consisted of traditional and Christian beliefs

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The permission given by the Spanish Crown to sell slaves, helped  to internationalize  the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.

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Due to the sell of "licenses"; asientos to the European Powers.

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Concept of Race was also a consequence of the Columbian Exchange, more specifically, of the slavery of Africans and Native Americans who were seen as a lower race, sometimes even as not human.

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Informational Document on Columbian Exchange

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Informational Document on Columbian Exchange

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Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian, professors of economics go in depth on the diseases, crops, and ideas that were going around during this time.

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Africa's role in the Columbian Exchange 

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Africa's role in the Columbian Exchange 

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Sub-Saharan Africans were sent to Cape Verde Islands to produce sugar, the natives of the island revolted or died reason due to the intensity of the labor (working on tropical climate, heat strokes, dehydration...) reason why they're replaced by the Sub-Saharan.

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The Columbian exchange brought a dramatic change to almost every society of the world; diseases, new crops, religion and culture were exchanged, this, had as greater consequence social and cultural makeup to Europeans and Native Americans.

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12 minutes,  but they go faster with John Green!

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The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course World History #23

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European population growth was motivated by...

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European population growth was motivated by...

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Corn and Potato, American crops.

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Iroquois: 5 tribes, New York.
Powhatan: 32 tribes, 3000 warriors, Virginia.

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Where was the first encounter between Native Americans and Spanish?

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Where was the first encounter between Native Americans and Spanish?

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The first encounter was in 'Pueblo'. They were farmer tribes, such as; Cherokee.

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Columbus' Journal:

Friday, 14 September. Steered this day and night west twenty leagues; reckoned somewhat less. The crew of the Nina stated that they had seen a grajao, and a tropic bird, or water-wagtail, which birds never go farther than twenty-five leagues from the land.

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"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples."  - John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

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Fun Fact: Who came up with the term Columbian Exchange?

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Fun Fact: Who came up with the term Columbian Exchange?

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Historian Alfred W. Crosby invented the term "Columbian Exchange". In 1972, he wrote a book called The Columbian Exchange where he tells the story of Columbus's landings in 1492 and the impacts it had on the New World.

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Syphilis

Polio

Hepatitis

Encephalitis

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Smallpox

Yellow fever

Measles

Malaria

Tuberculosis

Alchoholism

Whooping cough

Influenza

Chicken pox

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Turkeys

Llamas

Guinea pigs

Fowl

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Potatoes

Maize (corn)

Peanuts

Pumpkin

Pineapple

Papaya

Avocados

Peppers

Tobacco

Manioc

Squash

Beans

Vanilla

Tomatoes

Cacao

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Dogs

Pigs

Cattle

Goats

Sheep

Horses

Donkeys

Chickens

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Rice

Wheat

Barley

Oats

Rye

Turnips

Onions

Cabbage

Lettuce

Peaches

Grapes

Pears

Sugar

Coffee

Bananas

Olives

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C olumbus arrived
O ld world to new world
L ives of natives were no longer the same
U nder strict European rule
M ore food sources, more people, led to population growth
B ananas were introduced to North America
I mporting of slaves began
A fricans were mistreated
N ative population diminshed due to disease

E ncomienda system was enforced on natives
X represents death/disease that was spread by Europeans
C orn was introduced to Europe
H orses made a large impact in new world
A spects of each culture was adopted
N ew crops facilitated way of living
G rowing crops led to trading of goods
E uropeans developed and improved the New world

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Spanish conquest of Americas came with widespread deadly epidemics --> destroyed native populations

Europeans introduced crops and animals, not found in Americas --> improved lives of Native Americans

Encomienda system --> Spanish forced Native Americans to work/support plantation agriculture and extract precious metals

Once native population decreased --> Spanish imported enslaved Africans to do the harsh labor, were seen as "property", not human

Spanish developed caste system --> defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans

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European motivation --> search for new ways to gain wealth, economic and miltary competition, and wanting to spread Christianity

Brought new crops to Europe from Americas --> increased the European population

New sources of mineral wealth, --> helped Europeans change from feudalism to captialism

Economies of Europe and Americas changed --> improvements in maritime technologies and methods for international trade (joint-stock companies)

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It was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the New World (Americas) and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia).

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The year before everything began; the year before Columbus's arrival.

Native Americans had their own way of life before the colonization of Europeans.
The year 1492, when Columbus arrived, the lives of the Native Americans drastically changed.