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Waste Management Garbage Trucks of San Diego

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Best Out Of Waste Plastic Bottle Converted

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The Netherlands: your partner in waste management. For more information visit http://english.rvo.nl/topics/international

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In a nutshell

A network of healthy ecosystems often provides cost-effective alternatives to traditional 'grey' infrastructure and offers many other benefits for both EU citizens and biodiversity. The EU promotes the use of nature-based green infrastructure solutions.

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Smart Systems for Planetary Water Management PDF

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Smart Systems for Planetary Water Management PDF

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https://sdm.mit.edu/conf09/presentations/sharon_nunes.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwiqu6q6477PAhUGDcAKHZTPBGoQFghTMAs&usg=AFQjCNEgd0bCAz7kwmm-raMn-GTBCwdsgA

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Green infrastructure is a cost-effective, resilient approach to managing wet weather impacts that provides many community benefits. While single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure—conventional piped drainage and water treatment systems—is designed to move urban stormwater away from the built environment, green infrastructure reduces and treats stormwater at its source while delivering environmental, social, and economic benefits.
https://www.epa.gov/green-infrastructure/what-green-infrastructure

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What's better when talking about waste management?

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What's better when talking about waste management?

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The best option is avoid and minimice the production of waste. And when it is produced, then there is the need of separating it in order to be able to reuse and recycle it.

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http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

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It is about having diffrent green areas in diffrent places

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Collection and Recycling

Bioconversion

Waste-to-Energy

Hazardous and Oil-containing Wastes

Landfill

Sewer Maintenance

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''Finally, caution is advised both in terms of the appropriateness and effectiveness of policy solutions being transferred to smaller and medium-sized cities in developing countries from larger cities and/or from more developed countries.'' file:///D:/Eigenaar/Downloads/sustainability-07-07784%20.pdf

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-        Less costs in comparison to grey infrastructure
-        Green areas are less economic in comparison to buildings

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Analyses and comparisons of product, process and services according to the ISO standard covering the whole life cycle from the production of raw materials to end of life.

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-        Means that there is a concept of green areas in the city/ neighborhood
-        Should recipe the biodiversity (variability of different living organisms)
-        Sustainable using of nature/ecosystem

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All Life Cycle Assessments are conducted per ISO-14040/44 standards and are comprised of four phases: goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. LCA is an iterative process and requires an understanding of all inputs and outputs throughout the life cycle.

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''Urban Transport, with its related environmental and social impacts, is a topic of concern for policy makers in government as well as all citizens who need to have efficient, effective and environmentally friendly transportation''

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Water systems are often overlooked yet are critical components of energy management in smart cities, typically comprising 50 percent of a city's total energy spend.

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Water systems are often overlooked yet are critical components of energy management in smart cities, typically comprising 50 percent of a city's total energy spend.

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http://www.waterworld.com/articles/print/volume-29/issue-12/water-utility-management/smart-water-a-key-building-block-of-the-smart-city-of-the-future.html

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Energy efficiency is one of the easiest and most cost effective ways to combat climate change, clean the air we breathe, improve the competitiveness of our businesses and reduce energy costs for consumers. The Department of Energy is working with universities, businesses and the National Labs to develop new, energy-efficient technologies while boosting the efficiency of current technologies on the market.

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Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources.

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Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same service".

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Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same service".

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"Built enviornment" - refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks. The built environment includes society's physical infrastructure and integrated systems that vreate the conditions for sustained health, prosperity and socal well-being. 

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"Built enviornment" - refers to the man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from buildings and parks or green space to neighborhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks. The built environment includes society's physical infrastructure and integrated systems that vreate the conditions for sustained health, prosperity and socal well-being. 

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Diffrence Between Natural & Built Environment

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"That Positive Feeling" - Alumo i do not own anything from this video

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People use energy each day for transportation, cooking, heating and cooling rooms, manufacturing, lighting, entertainment, and many other uses. The choices people make about how they use energy—turning machines off when they're not using them or choosing to buy fuel-efficient vehicles and energy-efficient appliances—affects the environment and everyone's lives.

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2bm's previous blog post looked at the increase in power and energy costs in the data centre industry and the subsequent need for an increase of low carbon data centres. This blog post is the second installment which continues to look at the data centre industry and address the trends in the quest for increased energy efficiency.

Rising Data Centre Power Consumption

Two metrics that have been introduced to the data centre industry to measure the energy efficiency of data centres are Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and Data Centre Efficiency (DCE). PUE is defined as Total Facility Power divided by IT equipment power. IT Equipment Power is the power used in equipment to manage, process and store data within the raised floor space and related power for routing. Total Facility Power includes everything that supports the IT equipment load such as cooling systems, including chillers, air conditioning and lighting.

The PUE can be used as a quick way to compare energy allocation in a data centre. If a PUE is determined to be 2, this suggests that demand is two times greater than the energy necessary to power the actual IT equipment. A PUE can range from 1.0 to infinity; with a PUE value of 1.0 representative of 100% efficiency and indicating all power is being used by IT equipment only.

Research presented to the EU suggests an average PUE of 1.78 and an average data centre size of 1,900KW energy use and 1.59GWh electricity per year. Over the last few years the density of processing power in data centres has increased dramatically and to match this the intensity of associated services such as electricity demand and cooling demand per m2 have also had to increase.

This high and climbing grid power demand is one of the main reasons behind the limits on data centre capacity in certain urban areas.

In response to what the EU has called ' a concerning trend ' in projected rising data centre electricity consumption, the EU has launched a Best Practice Code of Conduct for data centres. The aim of the code of conduct is to encourage data centre owners and operators to voluntarily sign up to have the energy efficiency of their operations measured, and agree to an action plan and an annual progress report.

Many data centre operators also show concern about the rising environmental impact of the sector worldwide. A DCD survey found that out of the reasons given for investment in data centre facilities in 2014 and 2015, the need 'to be greener and more sustainable' ranked second after the requirement to reduce operating costs. In fact between 2014 and 2015 the percentage citing environmental concerns increased from 31% to 35%, 'operating costs' also remained the main concern and increased from 43% to 48%.

If facilities are built to minimise energy use and have a flexible, self-sufficient approach to low carbon energy supply they can expect to perform financially and environmentally better than their competition.

Increasingly cost aware clients are choosing lower carbon options for energy and resource intensive products and services as a way of decoupling from cost risk. This has also be enshrined into legislation in public expenditure through the 2013 Public Services (Social Value) Act requiring social, economic and environmental value to be considered prior to any OJEU qualifying procurement.

It is important to note that if facilities are built to demonstrably minimise their environmental impacts and work with locally generated energy sources, they are likely to be more attractive to larger, more stable and discerning clients. This creates more stable businesses and is evident that low cost, reliable and increasingly low carbon energy supply is one of the most critical considerations in choosing a site for a data centre.

Data Centre Location and Impact

As central London and the M4 corridor have reached capacity for new data centres due to limits in local power supply, growth in this market over the coming years is likely to be in outer London and in UK's core cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. With increasing power density in data centres, as computing power increases; energy use, energy costs and carbon emissions are becoming a significant burden to data centre operators.

Many UK cities are looking to deploy local and community energy sources particularly in low carbon heat and power, CHP, industrial heat ecology, energy from waste, anaerobic digestion and building or expanding district heating networks. Heat networks often have a surplus of heat in the summer months which can be used to provide low carbon, low cost and resilient cooling to data centre developers, through heat driven absorption cooling systems. Heat networks can also act as heat sinks to maximise the operating capacity and efficiency of CHP systems.

Data centre developments will directly bring jobs and investment to host cities and improve the utilisation and efficiency of heat networks. Developing a system solution to data centre energy and cooling supply that works in the context of the overall energy systems solutions for smart low carbon cities, could create a new specialist area of technological innovation and growth.

2bm Partner with NetPositive

Initial modelling by NetPositive Ltd looked at 2 types of data centre: national grid dependent (Tier 1 and 2) and national grid independent (Tier 3 and 4). Cost, energy and emissions were estimated for traditional grid electricity supplied and cooled, grid dependent data centres and also for diesel generator supplied grid independent data centres. For grid dependent DCs connected to the Nottingham DH network, there were estimated annual running cost savings of £200k and potential carbon savings of 1,000 tonnes of CO2e per year. For Grid independent DCs the potential savings were estimated to be in the region of £2million and 3,500 tonnes CO2e.

The initial analysis suggests that highly secure grid independentDC provision could be offered in Nottingham, through a package of CHP absorption chillers and DH connection. This approach would result in more than 30% lower running costs than lower security grid dependent provision, and more than 70% lower running costs than equivalent 'grid independent' provision.

Nationally the UK Heat Strategy and Carbon Plan both commit to developing low carbon heat through district heating in urban areas. The national strategies are reflected in the local plans in Nottingham's Energy Strategy (written by the NetPositive team) and the Local Enterprise Partnership's draft Low Carbon Plan.

A large 1.9MW data centre would require £26m inward investment. A similar sized data centre would also require a significant number of predominantly Low Carbon and Environmental Goods and Services (LCEGS), engineering, design and construction jobs in their development and between 100-300 skilled IT and facilities management jobs in operation. Data centres are only the physical embodiment of a digital services business that employs many more people than the on-site staff.

If the UK can demonstrate an expertise and rapidly deployable solution to low carbon data centres, it should be expected that both construction and operation jobs could be created within the local low carbon and high tech economy where these solutions are deployed. Further employment could be created as local companies export the expertise they develop here. In the Nottingham area for example, the opportunity fits well with the aspirations in the Local Enterprise Partnerships 2020 Low Carbon Plan and the city's aims in the Nottingham 2020 Energy Strategy.

This article is part 2/2 and has been written by 2bm and Jerome Baddley CEnv MIEMA BSc PGCE, Chief Executive Officer of NetPositive Ltd, Chair of the East Midlands Chamber Sustainability Forum and D2N2 LEP Low Carbon Sector Chair. Jerome wrote the Nottingham City 2020 Energy Strategy and leads on low carbon sector growth in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.

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The Growing Need for Data Centre Energy Efficiency | 2bm

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2bm's previous blog post looked at the increase in power and energy costs in the data centre industry and the subsequent need for an increase of low carbon data centres. This blog post is the second installment which continues to look at the data centre industry and address the trends in the quest for increased energy efficiency.

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It is about making smart usage of what is already created. The most that can be recycled and reuse, the less waste there is, therefore the investment requiered in order to manage waste is lower.

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Urban transport: Bret
Green infrastructure: Jan
Water management: Tiiu
Waste management: Martha
Energy and Efficiency: Roy
Built environment: Tairo
LCA/Materials: Roy

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Yes

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You can make use of public transport by: bus, train, metro and tram. You can also use taxi or car.