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The process of cloning is quite extensive and has taken years to create one cloned animal. The actual process can be explained somewhat simply.
Step 1) A biopsy is ttaken from the donor and inserted into an egg cell from another animal from the same species. The nucleus has been removed so that the donors DNA is duplicated.
Step 2) This new embryo is hit with electricity so that the cells start multiplying and becomes a small clump of cells.
Step 3) This clump of cells is implanted into the surrogate mother. The newborn that is born will be a genetic replica of the donor specimen. http://www.livescience.com/32295-how-does-cloning-work.htm

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It can cost about 30,000 dollars to clone only a cat in the US. Scientist have also cloned cows for 20,000 dollars and horses for 150,000 dollars each. Although the cost of cloning is very high, the likelihood of success is only about 10% depending on the type of animal.

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With reproductive cloning you can avoid health risks - SP

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With reproductive cloning you can avoid health risks - SP

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With a clone you can avoid the 8% of serious abnormalities in child birth. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/18/human-cloning-heart-disease-genes

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Cloning over the years and through the different species. -CS

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Cloning over the years and through the different species. -CS

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The process of cloning has been around for years and it all started in the the early 1880's with sea urchins. The process began there and since has expanded to humans and larger mammals. Another important aspect to know is that endangered species are being cloned and it is assisting with bringing the population numbers up. Also an important piece of information to know is that depending on the species the process is different.

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Mice, cows, and goats
Multiple groups
After the successes leading up to Dolly and Polly, other scientists wanted to see if similar techniques could be used to clone other mammalian species. Before long, several more animals had been successfully cloned. Among them were transgenic animals, clones made from fetal and adult cells, and a male mouse; all previous clones had been female.

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Multiple groups After the successes leading up to Dolly and Polly, other scientists wanted to see if similar techniques could be used to clone other mammalian species. Before long, several more animals had been successfully cloned. Among them were transgenic animals, clones made from fetal and adult cells, and a male mouse; all previous clones had been female.

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 Definition and different types of cloning - MD

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 Definition and different types of cloning - MD

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Cloning is when different processes are used to make identical copies of organisms and cells. There happens to be three types of cloning which are gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.

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The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials, including genes, cells, tissues and even entire organisms, such as a sheep.

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The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone.

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Human cloning used to create embryonic stem cells - SP

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Human cloning used to create embryonic stem cells - SP

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Human cloning was used to create embryonic stem cells and from that new completely identical tissue to a patients can be grown. Many patients can benefit from tissue transplants like people diabetes and many other patients with diseases. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/18/human-cloning-heart-disease-genes

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When cloning a living animal or human, we use the DNA of that organism. Scientists are currently adding the DNA formula to a unfertilized embryo with the nucleus removed causing it to seem as a clone of the original DNA donor. Clones would live a shorter life span and be more vulnerable to diseases, because "human gene grows older with age... [so] the cloned individual would retain the age of the donor’s genes"(Wickman). If a man or woman 40 years old wanted to clone themselves, their 40 year old DNA and cells would be put into a newborn baby, and the baby would carry many of the bad genes that the man or women was beginning to develop. This would also cause premature aging which could lead to more side effects.

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Some folks consider human cloning as the biggest breakthrough of the century, while others consider it as a living nightmare. As such, human cloning means creating an identical human being with the aid of recent technology and genes of the donor. While the cloned individual will look like a carbon copy of the donor in terms of appearance, the personality of the two individuals could be world-apart from each other.

While outward appearance can be cloned, the personality of an individual cannot be cloned. After all, every person out there builds a unique personality for himself based on real life experiences and knowledge gained with growing age. It's believed that the potential dangers linked with human cloning outweigh the advantages associated with human cloning, which is why human cloning is banned in most countries out there. Let's have a look at the potential dangers of human cloning.
Medical Issues
Human cloning can give rise to certain medical issues. Technically, human gene grows older with age. It's feared that the cloned individual would retain the age of the donor's genes. Imagine what will happen if a 40 year old gene is manifested into a newborn baby.
Social Hiccups
There is a possibility that cloned individuals might not receive their due share of respect and acceptance in the society. It's believed that there will be unsettled opinions about the rights granted to a clone. Also, the real beauty of humanity lies in the differences we witness amongst each other. Cloning would kill the surprise element over here.
Health Concerns
The health risks involved with human cloning is something that cannot be sidelined on all accounts. There is a possibility that the cloned individual might carry certain abnormalities, and may die sooner than the standard life expectancy.
Moral Issues
Technological abuse is one aspect that can come into the picture once human cloning becomes a prominent feature. Imagine what a corrupt guy will do after cloning himself. There will always be someone or the other who will try to abuse this technological advancement to the extreme. In some cases, the clone might also turn out to be better than the donor.

Since a clone can conduct almost every activity an average individual can perform such as eating, drinking, bathing etc, it won't come as surprise to learn that human clones will be illegally traded for personal gains. Needless to say, trade of human beings is illegal and against all morals.
Ethical Concerns
Ethical concerns will also be raised on human cloning. There will be loads of protest from various groups, if human cloning is to be legalized in the near future. The whole idea of human cloning is already hurting the sentiments of truckloads of people out there. Some believe that human cloning is playing around with God's rules. The million dollar question that really needs our attention is whether we can create a human being at our will and wish?
Legal Issues
Human cloning laws are said to be very complicated in nature, and they vary from one country to another. The fact that the laws are divided on such a sensitive issue is a certain feature of potential trouble. There have been decent attempts made in the past to pass federal law to ban human cloning completely, but there is no definite law passed as yet that bans all human cloning.

As such, the twentieth century hasn't seen much progress on human cloning as one might have expected, considering the fact that the technological advancement has seen robust growth in the last few decade or so.

Considering all the above said disadvantages linked with human cloning, one can only be happy that the development of human cloning has not seen the day of light as yet. The first mammalian clone was a sheep called Dolly. Although the successful cloning of Dolly was a significant step in this matter, Dolly died young due to a rare disease, which is usually not seen in the sheep of her age group.

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Some folks consider human cloning as the biggest breakthrough of the century, while others consider it as a living nightmare. As such, human cloning means creating an identical human being with the aid of recent technology and genes of the donor.

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The first mammal cloned was a sheep? -CS

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The first mammal cloned was a sheep? -CS

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The very first mammal cloned from an adult cell was a sheep named Dolly. She was made through the process called transgenesis and this process was chosen because it worked in mice in the early 1980's and resulted in the successful cloning of rodents. The main reason that Dolly is so infamous in the cloning world is because she lived a long life and was able to successfully reproduce. They produced a total of six offspring. And this was a breakthrough because scientist did not know if clones could reproduce and Dolly was the answer. Dolly in the end was euthanized because she had arthritis and tumors growing in her chest.

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As the first cloned mammal ever to be created from an adult cell, her birth was of huge excitement both to the scientific world and to the public.

Dolly the sheep fact file

Acquired
Gifted by the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh

Did you know?
Dolly was named after the legendary country and western singer Dolly Parton.

Why clone a sheep?

The development of cloning technology was an extension of the Roslin Institute's interest in the application of transgenic technology to farm animals. Transgenesis is the process of introducing an external gene, called a transgene, into a living organism so that the organism will display a new trait, which it may then pass on to its offspring. Transgenesis has been practised on mice since the early 1980s, producing so-called 'super mice' through a very sophisticated genetic modification technology using embryonic stem cells.

Since embryonic stem cells had not been isolated from farm animals, this method of genetic modification was not available. Cloning was therefore a potential alternative way of achieving the same end.

Hello Dolly

As with all other cloned animals, Dolly started her life in a test tube. Once normal development was confirmed at six days, the embryo, which was eventually to become Dolly, was transferred into a surrogate mother. The pregnancy went without a problem and Dolly was born on 5 July 1996.

The birth of Dolly was kept under wraps until the publication of the Roslin Institute's research results could be prepared. Once these results were released, the full impact of the discovery became plain, as the world's press descended on Roslin.

Dolly's family

In an attempt to allow Dolly to have as normal a life as possible, it was decided that she should be allowed to breed. A small Welsh mountain ram was selected as her mate and between them they successfully produced six lambs. Their first lamb, Bonny, was born in the spring of 1998. Twins followed the next year and triplets the year after that.

Dolly as a lamb with her surrogate mother. © Roslin Institute.

Dolly and her first lamb Bonnie. © Roslin Institute.

Dolly the sheep being scanned. © Roslin Institute.

Dolly on film

This short animation about Dolly was made by young volunteers at National Museum of Scotland working with curators from our Science and Technology department and animator Cameron Duguid.

Dolly takes on the Atom Smasher

Dolly and the Atom Smasher was designed and made as part of a National Museums Scotland project, Game Jam, which brought together schools pupils, game developers and museum objects. Pupils from Craigie High School in Dundee worked with Dundee Games Collective (DGC) and staff from the museum's Community Engagement team.

You can find out more about the project on our blog.

The Adventures of Dolly the Sheep: Clone Alone

Dolly the sheep is part of

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As the first cloned mammal ever to be created from an adult cell, her birth was of huge excitement both to the scientific world and to the public. Acquired Gifted by the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Did you know? Dolly was named after the legendary country and western singer Dolly Parton.