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This is a quick-start guide to formatting sources in the APA style.

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Research Paper Guide/Checklist

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Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers, Eighth Edition

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Source citations in the Turabian manual come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography (or simply notes) and (2) author-date. These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style.

If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources. Otherwise, read on.

Notes and Bibliography or Author-Date?

The notes and bibliography style is popular in the humanities-including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. This system is very flexible and can easily accommodate a wide variety of sources.

The author-date style is more common in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author's last name and year of publication. Each citation in the text matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.

Aside from the way they cite sources in the text, the two styles are very similar. To compare them, follow the links at the top of this page, where you'll find examples of the more common source types cited in each style.

If you're not sure which style you should use, ask your instructor. You will also find more information here.

For a more detailed description of the styles and many more examples, see chapters 16 and 17 of the 9th edition of the Turabian manual for notes style and chapters 18 and 19 for author-date style.

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Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers, Eighth Edition

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A website for the 8th edition of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Kate Turabian.

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Links specifically to the Chicago/Turabian section of the Purdue Owl.

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General Format - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University

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Scroll down toward the bottom of the Library Homepage to find the EBSCO portal.

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Request these and other African-American Resources using the links below!

The Library's Curbside services are available for material pick-ups, returns, and for fulfilling requests. Located in trailer T-400D (corner of J-8 & 30th West) in Parking Lot 14, curbside hours are Monday-Thursday 8:00am - 3:00pm. Click Request Library Materials to access the form for requesting library books and DVDs. To make a request for Reserve materials and textbooks, use the Request Reserve Materials link. For general information regarding curbside services click here. Please email libcirc@avc.edu or call 661-722-6533 for additional details or questions.

Search for Resources

Search here for journal articles, eBooks, and other media.

Search here for books and reserve materials.

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Library (Due to CV-19, library fines are suspended until further notice.)

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Request these and other African-American Resources using the links below! The Library's Curbside services are available for material pick-ups, returns, and for fulfilling requests. Located in trailer T-400D (corner of J-8 & 30th West) in Parking Lot 14, curbside hours are Monday-Thursday 8:00am - 3:00pm.

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A quick-start guide showing resource examples in the MLA style.

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Entries in the works-cited list are created using the MLA template of core elements -facts common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date. To use the template, evaluate the work you're citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then, list each element relevant to your source in the order given on the template.

The examples below show you how to cite five basic source types. Click on an entry to get more information, as well as links to posts with more examples. For hundreds of sample entries by format, check out the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook.

Book by One Author

Book by an Unknown Author

. Translated by Alan Sullivan and Timothy Murphy, edited by Sarah Anderson, Pearson, 2004.

An Edited Book

Article on a website

Book on a website

Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Masque of the Red Death." The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe , edited by James A. Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58. HathiTrust Digital Library , hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924079574368.

Journal Article in a Database

Goldman, Anne. "Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante." The Georgia Review , vol. 64, no. 1, spring 2010, pp. 69-88. , www.jstor.org/stable/41403188.

Song from an Album

Song on a website

Concert Attended in Person

Beyoncé. The "Formation" World Tour. 14 May 2016, Rose Bowl, Los Angeles.

A Movie Viewed in Person

Opening Night. Directed by John Cassavetes, Faces Distribution, 1977.

A Movie Viewed Online

Richardson, Tony, director. . Screenplay by James Poe, Twentieth Century Fox, 1961. , uploaded by LostCinemaChannel, 17 July 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMnzFM_Sq8s .

A Television Show Viewed on Physical Media

A Photograph Viewed in Person

A Painting Viewed Online

An Untitled Image from a Print Magazine

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Entries in the works-cited list are created using the MLA template of core elements-facts common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date. To use the template, evaluate the work you're citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then, list each element relevant to your source in the order given on the ...

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For citations & style guides!

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

Mission

The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers-no matter what their skill level-with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives. The Purdue OWL offers global support through online reference materials and services.

A Message From the Assistant Director of Content Development

The Purdue OWL® is committed to supporting students, instructors, and writers by offering a wide range of resources that are developed and revised with them in mind. To do this, the OWL team is always exploring possibilties for a better design, allowing accessibility and user experience to guide our process. As the OWL undergoes some changes, we welcome your feedback and suggestions by email at any time.

Please don't hesitate to contact us via our contact page if you have any questions or comments.

All the best,

Garrett

Social Media

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Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.

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The academic side of Google!

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Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. Search across a wide variety of disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.

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First developed by librarians at Cal State Chico, this document helps you ask questions related to a resource's:
Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose

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Provides a numerical checklist method to help evaluate resources.

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Need a refresher?? Pick which one best suits your current needs!

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Skip to main content

It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results.

Library Tutorials

The AVC Library has developed a Web-based library instruction program that currently features four different tutorials.

Click on one of the links below to take a tutorial:

These self-paced tutorials are structured in a way that allows students to become more active participants in the learning process. They are designed to complement the research methods workshops, but can also be used as stand alone assignments.

Any or all of the tutorials may be assigned by instructors as a class assignment.

Each tutorial has an accompanying quiz that can be completed after the student has read through the tutorial. These quizzes are submitted electronically. Results are e-mailed to the student and should be presented to the instructor for credit.

EBSCO Discovery Service Video Guide

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Research Guides: Library Instructional Services: Library Tutorials

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Skip to main content It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results.

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Often research seems overwhelming. But, you don't have to use fancy language or a special vocabulary. The best place to start is using natural or everyday language.

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Use this tool to help you brainstorm related terms!

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Use this tool to help you develop your topic, keywords, and search terms.

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Search for books, DVDs, etc. to see what's available at the Library.

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Provides another way to evaluate your resources to see which is good, better, or best.

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Aids in evaluating online sources to uncover the context of that information.