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The Crédit Mobilier of America was a company formed by stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad, who would sell their portions of the construction to men in the Congress as it was very lucrative (approved federal subsidies and did not paid taxes). The Crédit Mobilier scandal (1872-1873) was due to this immense corruption, ruining politicians' careers in the government. This scandal shows how rich businesses would influence their power over the government laws and taxes, always seeking the highest profit.

We can relate this politic scandal with the political instability in Brazil today. Politicians lost the control over corruption and ruined the statal company Petrobras, one of the richest in the country. Consequently, IBOVESPA, or the Brazilian stock market, drastically fell, initiating an economic crisis, which later was aggravated by political issues, as the impeachment of president Dilma.

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- Five strikes ocurred in the 1880s.
- The strikes were oppressed by violent confrontations. The police would fire the strikers, killing or imprisoning those workers.

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According to Adam Smith, the division of labour would actively increase the production of the final product, since it is faster if you divide chores between the workers, each one doing repeatedly different parts of the product . Also, there is no need for a skilled worker if his chore is only to put the cap on the pen, for an example.
Yes, in my opinion, he is in favour of industrialisation, even though he thinks that business should not pay taxes. The faster production  would decrease the price of the final product, consequently, more people would buy it and he should receive more profit.

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The company buys competitors.
Pro: Less competitors (monopoly)
Con: anti-trust issues

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The company owns all suppliers.
Pro: Suplly chain coordination
Con: Lots of competitors

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The owner of the Standard Oil Company was also one of the wealthiest men in the world. Considering that he used horizontal integration, we can compare it to an octopus since his company controlled 90% of the refinery business, buying and dominating the competitors with its tentacles, or simply creating a monopoly. Rockefeller also donated his money to charities and was dedicated to philanthropic studies.

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Andrew Carnegie was one of the wealthiest men during the 19th century and the owner the Carnegie Steel Corporation, which used vertical integration (owns every part of the product's process ). Also, he donated most of its money to the expansion of the New York Public Library, proving progress and technology for future generations. In 1901, he sold his company and dedicated time to philanthropic studies, establishing the Carnegie-Mellon University.

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Although children rights have already been regulated, child labor still exists mostly in underdeveloped countries. This image shows children collecting stones from the street, which appears to be heavy, potentially harming their physical and mental development and depriving them of their childhood.

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Even though the worker had to work for several hours a day and also face unsafe working conditions, their income was so low that even their children had to work in order to help with the expenses. This image shows children being exposed to long hours of work and harmful smoke from mining, ruining their childhood and also their health, which could drastically decrease their life expectancy.

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Back to the 1900s, the railroads were the most efficient form of transportation, but with the development of the airplane and cargo ships, it is not as important as before. If you need a fast or urgent type of transportation, you would rather choose the airplane. If you need to transport rally heavy things for a low cost and long distance, you should choose the cargo ship. Even though the railroads are no longer so much used, this type of transportation is ideal for medium distances, speed, and heavy things. Most of the minerals are transported via railroads.

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This political cartoon clearly illustrates the labor exploitation during the Industrial Revolution. The Pullman strike happened as a result of  the reduction of wages while the rent's price increased, nearly killing the worker, who is shown as being smashed by those two factors. Mr. Pullman did not even care about the life conditions of his workers.

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is known for his great and numerous inventions during the Gilded Age. The light bulb, the phonograph, and the alkaline batteries are some examples. In 1880, he founded the Edison Illuminating Company, as he wanted to deliver electricity to power cities around the globe, which later became the General Electric Company, still one of the largest companies of electricity in the world today.

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The typewriter was developed by Christopher Sholes in 1867. It allowed clear communication and opened office jobs for women, helping in the growth of business.

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Alexander Graham Bell invented the  telephone in 1876, which led to instant communication around the world and it made business more efficient.

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The Wright brothers' airplane was the first one to successfully fly. It is important because it shaped our culture today, since we can quickly travel to anywhere in the world.

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With the Bessemer Process, which uses heat to transform iron to steel, turned the production of steel easier and inexpensive. Also, steel is much more strong and light in weight, allowing sky scrappers to be constructed and railroads to expand. The demand for the metal led to the growth of American Industry and urban infrastructures.