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Jayla Hines, Alexis Mendoza, Allison Solis

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Jayla Hines, Alexis Mendoza, Allison Solis

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As more markers are tested, the more accurate the data becomes. It is highly unlikely that different individuals will have the same unique markings of the specific evidence or person being analyzed. When using STR analysis in forensic cases, the chance that two individuals will have the same markings is between one in 100 billion and one in several trillion. Even though problems can still arise just due to human error, scientists and experts trust genetic profiling when it comes to legal matters due to the accuracy it has provided many with.

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The PCR method is useful when comparing DNA samples from mulitple people, such as the victim, crime scene, and the suspect. Forensic scientists usually test about 13 regions of the DNA to provide useful gentic profiles. It is very rare for two people to have the same exact set of STR markers in the same region. This is seen below in Washington's case. Washington was proven to be innocent when the STR markers from a sample of blood at the crime scene was matched to another man, Kenneth Tinsley instead of Washington.

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Genetic profiles are not just used to solve cases in the criminal justice system. They can be used to identify the father of a child or to identify victims involved in catastrophes, such as the attack on the Twin Towers. DNA samples were obtained from objects both at the site of the attack and from a personal item of the victim. Through genetic profiles almost 3,00 victims were identified.

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The purpose of PCR is to enhance particular STRs by using sets of primers labeled with differnt flourescent tags to tell differentiate each set. Through electrophoresis the length of the region and the number of repeats can be determined. PCR allows these things to be determined even if there is little DNA to work with, or just DNA in inadequate condition.

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STRs were used during Earl Washington's case in 1982 to prove his innocence. Washington was accused of raping and murdering Rebecca Williams and was convicted and sentenced to life. However, sixteen years later the Innocence Project used STR analysis to prove that Washington did not in fact have anything to do with William's death.

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STRs are simple sequence DNA containing multiple tandemly repeated units of two to five nucleotides. Variations in STRs act as genetic markers in STR analysis, used to prepare genetic profiles. The number of repeats in a specific region is highly variable person from to person, making it a trusting and efficient method to analyze genetic profiles and find suspects guilty.

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In 1988 the FBI began to apply DNA technology to forensics. they used a method which involved nucleic acid hybridization and gel electrophoresis to identify differences and similarities in DNA samples compared to earlier methods, DNA technology required smaller samples of blood or tissue.

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To determine a person's genetic profile, genetic markers could be analyzed for that person.

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determining blood types or tissue types on evidence is not efficient because a lot of people have the same blood type or tissue type. Suspects can only be removed from suspect list because it can exclude people but doesn't prove their guilty. However DNA testing can identity suspect because every single DNA sequence is different from one another.