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Continue your review and practice with this, these,

that, those...

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A powerpoint lesson on Spanish demonstratives (este, this, ese, that, aquel, that further away).

Included are adverbs of place such as aquí, allí, allá etc

1. 1. Demonstrativos / Demonstratives this, that, these, those © Marie-Claire Hunter, 2013 www.learnenglishspanishonline.com

2. 2. This lesson is going to talk about words like 'this', 'that', 'these' and 'those'.

3. 3. 'this', 'that', 'these', 'those If you don't like grammar look away now, but for those who do, 'this', 'that', 'these' and 'those' can be adjectives or pronouns. These words are known as 'demonstratives'.

4. 4. Don't look yet ... Adjectives describe nouns. 'This' flower. Pronouns replace nouns. 'This' is for you. (heart)

5. 5. If the demonstrative appears next to a noun it's an adjective. If it's alone it's a pronoun. Can you decide if the ones that appear in the following sentences are adjectives or pronouns? 'This' girl is my sister. 'This' is my sister. 'That' boy is my brother. 'That' is my brother. 'These' are my shoes. 'Those' shoes are yours.

6. 6. How did you do? 'This' girl is my sister. (adjective because it appears with the noun 'girl') 'This' is my sister. (pronoun because it replaces the noun 'girl') 'That' boy is my brother. (adjective because it appears with the noun 'boy') 'That' is my brother. (pronoun because it replaces the noun 'boy') 'These' are my shoes. (pronoun because it doesn't appear next to a noun) 'Those' shoes are yours. (adjective because it appears next to the noun 'shoes')

7. 7. Ok, it's safe to look now .. But just so you know, if you see the word 'demonstratives' that just means words like 'this', 'that', 'these' and 'those'.

8. 8. English has two singular demonstratives, 'this' and 'that'. The one that you choose will indicate whether the noun is near or far away from the speaker or writer. 'this' refers to something close by and 'that' refers to something further away. That piglet. This piglet.

9. 9. Spanish has three singular demonstratives and they also indicate distance from the speaker. 'este' (this), 'ese' (that) and 'aquel' (that (one) further away) That piglet over there. (aquel) That piglet. (ese) This piglet. (este)

10. 10. 'This one' / 'That one' In English, when we use 'this' or 'that' as a pronoun (to replace a noun) we often add the word 'one' or 'ones' to complete the meaning. I would like that one. But in Spanish this isn't necessary as the meaning is included in the pronoun. This one is for you. Esteesparati. That one is for you. Eseesparati.

11. 11. 2 T's - A memory aid! If you find it hard to remember which word means 'this' and which one means 'that' try to imagine that each set of words can only use two 't's. For 'this' the English version takes one 't' and so does the Spanish 'este'. For 'that' the English version uses both so the Spanish is left with none 'ese'.

12. 12. Time to practice! So if the word for piglet is 'chanchito' how would you say ...? This piglet. (and you mean this one right here) That piglet. (that one a little way over there) That piglet. (that one way over there) And what about if you really wanted this particular piglet how would you say: 'I want this one.' (right here by me)?

13. 13. I hope you said .... Este chanchito Esechanchito Aquelchanchito = Quieroeste. = = = This piglet. (here) That piglet. (there) That piglet. (way over there) I want this one.

14. 14. So we're all set to now to refer to masculine objects but you probably remember that in Spanish, words that describe nouns (adjectives) change to match the noun that they refer to, right? El librorojo. Los librosrojos. La mesaroja. Las mesasrojas.

15. 15. Well, Spanish demonstratives also change to match the noun or nouns that they modify. They can be singular or plural, feminine or masculine.

16. 16. Here are the Spanish demonstratives.

17. 17. Don't get caught out! Although we expect that masculine words to end in 'o' don't get caught out because 'este' (this) and 'ese' (that) are both masculine but they end in 'e' in their singular forms. Then, just to confuse us, they change to 'estos' and 'esos' In their plural forms.

18. 18. So if you look back at the chart what are the two Spanish words for 'this', one for a masculine object and one for a feminine object?

19. 19. Did you say 'esta' and 'este'? If you did, well done! Esta for feminine objects and este for masculine ones.

20. 20. Now a little more practice! If you had an apple, unamanzana, which is a feminine object, and you wanted to say 'this apple' which demonstrative would you need to use? _______ manzana. (Remember that in Latin American Spanish the 'z' makes an 's' sound but in Spanish from Spain it's more like a 'th' sound.)

21. 21. Did you say ...? Estamanzana. If you did, great work!

22. 22. And now for feminine plurals If you had more than one apple and you wanted to say 'these apples' and then 'those apples' a bit further away, what would you say? _____ manzanas. (these apples) ______ manzanas. (those apples)

23. 23. That wasn't too hard was it, all you had to do was add an 's'. Estasmanzanas. (these apples) Esasmanzanas. (those apples)

24. 24. Masculine plurals are a little trickier! If 'estechanchito' means 'this piglet' how would you say 'these piglets'? Remember in the masculine forms the 'e' ending of 'este' and 'ese' changes to 'o' before you add the 's'.

25. 25. Estoschanchitos. (These piglets.) That's right, 'chanchitos' is a plural noun so the demonstrative 'estos' also needs to be plural. And if you wanted to say 'those piglets' you would have said 'esoschanchitos'. Great work!

26. 26. Now have a go by yourself, fill in the gaps ... MASCULINE this book _____ libro these books _____ libros that book _____ libro those books _____ libros that book (way over there) _____ libro those books (way over there) _____ libros FEMININE this table _____ mesa these tables _____ mesas that table _____ mesa those tables _____ mesas that table (way over there) _____ mesa those tables (way over there) _____ mesas

27. 27. If you gave these answers, well done! MASCULINE this book - estelibro these books - estoslibros that book - eselibro those books - esoslibros that book (over there) - aquellibro those books (over there) - aquelloslibros FEMININE this table - esta mesa these tables - estas mesas that table - esa mesa those tables - esas mesas that table (over there_ - aquella mesa those tables (over there) - aquellas mesas

28. 28. Adverbs of place: here, there, over there Because the demonstratives 'this' and 'that' and 'that' (further away) indicate distance they are often used with words like 'here' and 'there' (adverbs of location or place). 'This' rabbit is 'here'. 'That' rabbit it 'there'.

29. 29. Adverbs of place: For the two English words there are five Spanish equivalents: Here (aquí or acá) There (ahí, allí, allá)

30. 30. Is there any difference? Aquí and acámean = here (close to the speaker) Ahímeans = there (in the vicinity, not too far away) Allímeans =there (at a medium distance away, relatively far away) Allámeans = (over) there (far away from both the speaker and the hearer if there is one) NB: The choice between aquí and acá can often be regional with acá often favoured in Latin America

31. 31. Which ones to use? As you can see, each one has a slightly different nuance but I would suggest just starting with three that will get you by: aquí = here allí = there allá = (way over) there

32. 32. Time to practice! How would you say....? this apple here that apple there that apple over there

33. 33. Hopefully you said ... this apple = estamanzanaaquí (or acá) that apple there = esamanzanaallí (or ahí) that apple over there = aquellamanzanaallá

34. 34. Let's see how much we've learnt! Choose the right demonstrative to match the noun. este, estos, esta, estas, ese, esa, esos, esas, aquel, aquellos, aquella, aquellas That day. (ages ago)_______ día. This girl. _______ muchacha. That girl. _______ muchacha. Those boys. _______ muchachos. Those boys (far away in time or distance) _______ muchachos.

35. 35. How did you do? That day. (ages ago)aqueldía. This girl. estamuchacha. That girl. esamuchacha. Those boys. esosmuchachos. Those boys (far away in time or distance) aquellosmuchachos.

36. 36. How would you say .... What is that? If you don't know what 'that' is?

37. 37. You would say .... ¿Quéeseso? What is that?

38. 38. When you don't know whether something is feminine or masculine youuse a neuter pronoun. There are three, and they all end in 'o'. esto(this) eso(that) aquello(that, further away) NB: These can not be used as adjectives, only as pronouns, they can only refer to unknown or abstract things and can't describe known nouns.

39. 39. Try this memory aid ... Oh, I don't know so I'll add an 'o'. esto, eso, aquello

40. 40. Some examples ... ¿Quéesesto? ¿Y eso de allá? What is this? And that over there? ¡Estoes genial! ¡Esoes! This is great! That's it! Aparte de eso .... Apart from that .... ¡Esoes el colmo! That is the last straw! ¡Mira aquello! ¿Quées? Look at that! (in the distance) What is it?

41. 41. So know you know a lot about Spanish demonstrative adjectives and pronouns and the adverbs of place that often go with them. Let's make a few sentences using all of these elements to see how much we can remember.

42. 42. How would you translate these sentences? This book is mine. (if you were holding it) That book is mine. (if it was sitting on the table) That day. (a long time in the past) What is that? (when you have no idea what it is) Those biscuits are delicious. (pointing to them) These biscuits are delicious. (eating them) This cat is very friendly. (holding it) I don't want that house. I want that one (further away).

43. 43. And the answers are ... Este libroesmío. This book is mine. (if you were holding it) Eselibroesmío. That book is mine. (if it was sitting on the table) Aqueldía. That day. (a long time in the past) ¿Quéeseso? What is that? (when you have no idea what it is) Esasgalletasestándeliciosas. Those biscuits are delicious. (pointing to them) Estasgalletasestándeliciosas. These biscuits are delicious. (eating them) Este gatoesmuysimpático. This cat is very friendly. (holding it) No quieroesa casa, quieroaquella. I don't want that house. I want that one (further away).

44. 44. If you answered correctly .... You're probably ready to move onto the next subject! Unless of course you're one of the strange ones that really likes grammar and you'd like to read the supplementary info that follows  © Marie-Claire Hunter, 2013 www.learnenglishspanishonline.com

45. 45. A little extra! Aquí and acáusually appear with este, esta, estos, estas(this/these) -to refer to things physically or psychologically close to the speaker Este libroaquí/acá. This book here. Estoslibrosaquí/acá. These books here Ahí and Allíusually occur with ese, esa, esos, esas(that/those) -to refer to things not too far away physically or psychologically. Eselibroahí/allí. That book there. Esoslibrosahí/allí. Those books there. Alláusually appears with aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas(that/those) -to refer to things physically or psychologically far away from the speaker, and the hearer (if there is one) Aquellibroallá. That book (way over) there. Aquelloslibrosallá. Those books (way over) there.

46. 46. aquí, acá, allí, allá If it seems a little confusing that there is more than one word meaning 'here' and more than one meaning 'there' - a good tip is that the words ending with í denote an exact location whereas those ending with ácan denote a vague or less specific location.

47. 47. Here's a table that might help you to remember how to use these words together. ADVERBS OF PLACE DEMONSTRATIVES SINGULAR MASCULINO FEMENINO aquí / acá (here) this este esta ahí / alli (there) that ese esa allá (over there) that (further away) aquel aquella PLURAL MASCULINO FEMENINO aquí / acá (here) these estos estas ahí / alli (there) those esos esas allá (over there) those (further away) aquellos aquellas

48. 48. A little more on aquel&aquella We've already learnt that 'aquel' and 'aquella' are the words for 'there' when we are referring to something further or far away. Bear in mind however that this doesn't just have to be physical distance, these words can also refer to emotional or psychological distance.

49. 49. Some examples ... aqueldía = that day (a while ago) en aquelentonces= in those days, back then aquelnovioestaba loco = that boyfriend was crazy no me gustabaaquel hombre = I didn't like that man

50. 50. Things to remember! Remember that este, ese, aquello etc can be used as adjectives as well as pronouns. The adjectives and pronouns are identical apart from the fact that there are three extra 'neuter' forms that can only be used as pronouns. MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER THIS este esta esto THAT ese esa eso aquel aquella aquello THAT (further away) There used to be a rule that demonstrative pronouns should have an accent (éste, ésta, ése, ésa etc) to differentiate them from the demonstrative adjectives but in 1950 the Real Academia Española changed the rule and unless the meaning is ambiguous the accents are not necessary. (although some people still use them)

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Leso Spanish Demonstratives (este, this, ese, aquel, that)

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Published on A powerpoint lesson on Spanish demonstratives (este, this, ese, that, aquel, that further away). Included are adverbs of place such as aquí, allí, allá etc 1. Demonstrativos / Demonstratives this, that, these, those © Marie-Claire Hunter, 2013 www.learnenglishspanishonline.com 2. This lesson is going to talk about words like 'this', 'that', 'these' and 'those'.

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Let me know if you are interested or want more info! You can sign up to tutor any subject too...not just Spanish!

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Shout out to Ankush for attending the last RLC last night and being recognized as a great participant!

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The last 2 Unit 6/7 RLC sessions are today at 10 am and 3 pm...make plans to attend!