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By clicking on the pictures you can see where I got them from!

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By clicking on the picture below you will see where I got my information from.
2. The phases of the moon.

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The moon has no light of its own! Moonlight is sun bouncing off the moons surface. As the moon orbits earth, the sun lights up whatever side of the moon it is facing.

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Trying out my custom made solar filter made from a cheap foil from ebay ($11 incl. freight), seems to work ok but will try to get better details. This is a cropped shot at full zoom (30x).

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This is the earth. It is night on the left half of earth. This is how the moon orbits the earth based on how the northern hemisphere sees the moon.

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After sunset the sky remains light for some distance over the earth. This is caused by diffraction and scattering of light through the atmosphere and also reflection of light back off the surface. This enables light from the sun to appear to "bend" round the earth and to continue to illuminate the sky, albeit at reduced intensity.

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By clicking on the picture below you will see where I got my information from.

1. How the Sun lights up the moon.

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The Moon's phases in Oreos :: NASA Space Place

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For the New Moon, you must eat all the creme filling!

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This happens at the beginning of each moon cycle. You cannot see any part of the moon. In this picture, you can see the moon heading slightly towards the waxing crescent stage.

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New Moon. By the modern definition, New Moon occurs when the Moon and Sun are at the same geocentric ecliptic longitude. The part of the Moon facing us is completely in shadow then. Pictured here is the traditional New Moon, the earliest visible waxing crescent, which signals the start of a new month in many lunar and lunisolar calendars.

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This is when the moon is almost back to a new moon and soon you won't be able to see the moon at all!

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Waning crescent. Low to the east before sunrise. This marks the first time that accurate shadows at this level of detail are possible in such a computer simulation. The shadows are based on the global elevation map being developed from measurements by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).

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This is when the moon is three quarters of the way done the cycle. You can see half of the moon.

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Third quarter. Rises around midnight, visible to the south after sunrise. This marks the first time that accurate shadows at this level of detail are possible in such a computer simulation. The shadows are based on the global elevation map being developed from measurements by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).

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The waning gibbous is when the moon was just full but is no longer full.

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Waning gibbous. Rises after sunset, high in the sky after midnight, visible to the southwest after sunrise. This marks the first time that accurate shadows at this level of detail are possible in such a computer simulation. The shadows are based on the global elevation map being developed from measurements by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).

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The first quarter is when you can see half of the moon and the moon is through its first quarter of the cycle.

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First quarter. Visible high in the southern sky in early evening. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been in orbit around the Moon since the summer of 2009. Its laser altimeter (LOLA) and camera (LROC) are recording the rugged, airless lunar terrain in exceptional detail, making it possible to visualize the Moon with unprecedented fidelity.

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This is when you can only see a little of the moon. The new moon has just happened.

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Waxing crescent. Visible toward the southwest in early evening. This marks the first time that accurate shadows at this level of detail are possible in such a computer simulation. The shadows are based on the global elevation map being developed from measurements by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).

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The waxing gibbous is when you can see almost the entire moon.

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Waxing gibbous. Visible to the southeast in early evening, up for most of the night. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been in orbit around the Moon since the summer of 2009. Its laser altimeter (LOLA) and camera (LROC) are recording the rugged, airless lunar terrain in exceptional detail, making it possible to visualize the Moon with unprecedented fidelity.

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A full moon is when you can see the entire side of the moon. You can see a full circle!

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Full Moon. Rises at sunset, high in the sky around midnight. Visible all night. This marks the first time that accurate shadows at this level of detail are possible in such a computer simulation. The shadows are based on the global elevation map being developed from measurements by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).