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AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, AIDS lowers the body's immune system, making it vulnerable to other infections.
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV is an STD, it can also be spread by blood contact or mother to child in the womb, childbirth or breastfeeding. Eventually develops into AIDS
1. Sub-Saharan Africa counts for an estimated 69 percent for all people infected with HIV, and 70 percent of deaths from AIDS
2. Infection rate is lowering in Africa
3. Emerged in Africa in the 1960s

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http://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-malaria-idUSKCN0Y31QD

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Gas fuel produced by organic matter.
This connects to Moto because Moto used every day objects to make fuel, and biogas does the same.

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Chapter 15: The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind

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Chapter 15: The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind

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"If you want to make it, all you have to do is try." (281) In this chapter, William goes to TED, gets into a good school, gets funded to make better things and get proper electricity, and visits the wind farm in Palm Springs, California.

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Venture Capitalists are people who give money to people who want to expand their company or contribute somehow.

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Basic physical structure and facilities needed for the operation of society.

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1. Southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area
2. High-Tech dominated
3. It is called 'Silicon' because of the high amount of silicon chip producers.

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Quote That Reveals an Important Theme About African Investors

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Quote That Reveals an Important Theme About African Investors

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"Africans bend what little they have to their will every day. Using creativity, they overcome Africa's challenges. Where the world sees trash, Africa recycles. Where the world sees junk, Africa sees rebirth." (267)

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Personality Traits of Tom Rielly (Chapter 15)

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Personality Traits of Tom Rielly (Chapter 15)

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1. Nice
2. Encouraging
3. Patient

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Technology, Entertainment, and Design.
TED Represents people who use technology and creative ideas to make the world a better place.

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http://hacktivate.org/

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Making something acceptable or a reliable source. WIlliam and his creation received validation because William was getting a proper education. William is a reliable source now because he has education.

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Personality Traits of Dr. Mchazime (Chapter 14)

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Personality Traits of Dr. Mchazime (Chapter 14)

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1. Persistent
2. Generous
3. Nice

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"The people seated around me were so well-dressed and confident. They had important things to do... I guess I was now one of them, too." (263) In chapter 14, William goes back to school, and rides his first airplane.

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William did not have an amplifier, so he could not make his radio idea come true. He just moved on to other projects.

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William Using Art to Combat Ignorance About HIV/AIDS

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William Using Art to Combat Ignorance About HIV/AIDS

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William makes a play to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS.

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Examples of Strange Events/Rumors:
1. Two beasts attacking people
2. Government working with vampires
William was blamed for this because the villagers wanted something to blame the rumors on. Blaming something would help the villagers calm down. They blamed William because his windmill was new and strange.

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'Grooving through life' is a saying used that means that someone is going through life with no real plan.

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'"In science we invent and create," I said. "We make new things that can benefit our situation. If we can all invent something and put it to work, we can change Malawi."' (249) In this chapter, William experiments with radios, tries to make a water pump and energy from biogas, William's mom gets malaria, William gets blamed for another famine, the chief dies, and William makes a play about HIV/AIDS.

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1. Used to transfer electrical energy to two or more circuits
2. Increases voltage
3. Uses electromagnetic induction
Michael Faraday:
1. Born on September 22, 1791 and died on August 25, 1867
2. Received little formal education
3. Made Faraday's law of induction Electrochemistry

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1. Protects circuits from overloads
2. Interrupts circuit flow if there is something wrong
3. Unlike a fuse, circuit breakers can be used multiple times

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William's life is a lot different now with his windmill. Now, he can stay up later because of his lights and gets a lot more respect from villagers. Mister Godsten the welder also treats him differently. Before, Godsten thought he was crazy because he was welding together random parts. Now, Godsten treats William with more respect.

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'"...Now look at you, enjoying electricity like a city person!" "Oh," said my father, smiling. "Enjoying it more than a city person." "You mean because there's no blackouts and you owe ESCOM nothing?" "Well, yes," said my father. "But also, because my own son made it." (214) In chapter 12, William makes improvements to the windmill and his house's electrical system.

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"This was the same forest where I'd been convinced I'd been bewitched by the bubblegum man, the same forest where I'd accepted magic and been defeated, and now I was back there to cut down trees to build a ladder to science and creation - something greater and more real than any magic in the land." (199) In this chapter, William finally builds his windmill and amazes the village.

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Adjustments William Made for his Windmill (Chapter 12)

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Adjustments William Made for his Windmill (Chapter 12)

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1. Better belt for the windmill
2. William adds a battery to store power for when the wind gets too calm.

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Inventors Who Faced Humiliation by Society (Chapter 10)

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Inventors Who Faced Humiliation by Society (Chapter 10)

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1. Bill Gates
2. Soichiro Honda

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"Harvests are a time to remember your sacrifice." (184) In Chapter 10, William cannot afford his school fees, so he cannot go to school, he also continues building his windmill.

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1. William´s windmill is made of parts he found in a scrapyard, not any proper materials.
2. William´s windmill uses some parts from proper windmills.

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Gratitude means being thankful.

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William Demonstrates Perseverance (Chapter 10)

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William Demonstrates Perseverance (Chapter 10)

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1. Even though everyone is teasing him and calling him a madman, William still continues building the windmill.
2. Some things don´t work out for William, but his friends are there to help.

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Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.
Diode: A semiconductor that allows current to flow through it, but in only one way.
Electroscope: An instrument for measuring electricity.
Electromagnetic Energy: A form of energy that can be reflected or emitted from objects.

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"Little did I know, but my stomach had taken over my entire body during the night, filled every limb and crevice, all the way up to my head like a great big balloon." The literary device used is a simile.

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"I'd never built anything like it before, but if I knew if windmills existed on the cover of that book, it meant another person had built them. After looking at it that way, I felt confident I could build one, too." (169) In this chapter, William begins to independently study because he is not in school, and builds a tiny windmill before building a big one so that he knows what to do.

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I Just Sued the School System (Chapter 9)

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I Just Sued the School System (Chapter 9)

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This video relates to William's situation because the school system William is in isn't very fair.

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Epidemic: A disease infecting a large group of people very quickly.
Cholera: A bacterial infection spread through water that causes severe dehydration and diarrhea. Cholera can be lethal if untreated and kills in a matter of hours.
1. An estimated 3-5 million cases and 100,000 deaths occur around the world every year.
2. Spreads easily in areas with high water contamination and poor sanitation and hygiene.
3. There is a vaccine for ages 18-64, but it does not always work.
4. Cholera barely affects areas with good water filtration and good hygiene.
5. In the U.S., cholera was a problem in the 1800s, but isn't a problem anymore.

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There is hope at the end of chapter 8 because food has grown and the famine is over.

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William kills his dog Khamba in chapter 8. He kills him because Khamba is getting old and is starving, so he decides to put him out of his misery.

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'"We're not killing anyone," he said. "Even if I called the police, those men would only starve to death in jail. Everyone has the same hunger, son. We must learn to forgive."' (159) In this chapter, the hunger ends and people that still don't have food steal it from people who do.

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'"Some men are blind," my father replied. "But this one just chooses not to see." (139) In this chapter, William gets put in the lowest funded school in the region, and the hunger continues.

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Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite that invades red blood cells, the parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions.
1. Symptoms are moderate to severe shaking chills, high fever, sweating, headache, vomiting, diarrhea.
2. Lethal
3. Parasites grow inside red blood cells, when other mosquitoes bite you, they can pick up the infected red blood cells, spreading the parasite.
4. About 1,500 cases of malaria occur in the U.S. every year.
5. In 2015, 212 million cases of malaria were reported worldwide, with Africa having a high share.

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Written Reflection: Is society obligated to take care of the weak/sick?

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Written Reflection: Is society obligated to take care of the weak/sick?

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Yes, society should focus on helping the weak and sick because, most of the time, the weak and the sick can not care for themselves.

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African (Malawi) Famine Relief (Chapter 6)

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African (Malawi) Famine Relief (Chapter 6)

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Organisation: ADMARC
Past Efforts:

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https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/may/22/africa-worst-famine-since-1985-looms-for-50-million

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Physiological effects of starvation (Chapter 6)

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Physiological effects of starvation (Chapter 6)

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Physiological: Relating to the branch of biology that deals with natural functions of living things. For example, if a living thing is running out of food, it will get desperate to eat.

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Mob mentality means how people are influenced by their peers or people around them. This can also apply to riots, or mobs. If one person begins acting violent in a mob, others may begin to do the same.

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'When the song ended, the young DJ came on, sounding very energetic. "Ehhh, here's wishing all of you a very merry christmas." he said. "Easy to say when you're in Blantyre, working for the government." I said, then grabbed my hoe and headed for the fields.' Chapter six goes through William's family's struggle to feed their family, William's trip to the ADMARC, and goes through their Christmas traditions.

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'If the government treated our dear leader in such a way, with the hunger bearing down, I wonder if we people would fare much better.' (97) Chapter five goes through the beginning of the famine and shows some things about the corrupt government.

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1. Government selling all the spare grain for money during a famine.
2. President Muluzi promised new schools and a new pair of shoes for everyone if he got elected. Those things never happened.
3. President Muluzi does not address the famine.

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Signs of the Impending Famine (Chapter 5)

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Signs of the Impending Famine (Chapter 5)

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1. Villagers walking around asking for food.
2. Maize crops growing poorly due to floods and drought.
3. Government sold all the spare grain for profit.
4. Price of maize going up.
5. People eating food that would normally be thrown away or used as animal feed.

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Deforestation is the act of clearing a wide area of trees.
Deforestation keeps Malawians poor because trees root into the ground, which keeps it held in place. When the trees are gone, the soil is loose and can get washed away by rain. The soil then gets washed down in a river which blocks a dam, making the power company shut the dam down long enough for them to clean it out. Shutting the dam down is expensive, and causes power cuts.
http://www.livescience.com/27692-deforestation.html

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Anemia is a medical condition where you have less red blood cells, making you more tired.

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Mass killing of a group of people, mostly the same race or religion.
The Genocide of Rwanda:
1. 800,000 people were murdered, mostly of the Tutsi minority.
2. Lead by members of the Hutu ethnic majority.
3. A plane carrying Burundi's president Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down over Kigali. Nobody had known who shot down the plane, so they blamed Tutsis and began slaughtering them.

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Direct Current: Current always flows in the same direction between a positive and negative terminal.
1. Batteries, fuel cells, and power cells all produce direct current.
2. DC stands for Direct Current, but DC often refers to "constant polarity".
3. Most automotives (Cars, trucks, etc) use DC.
Alternating Current: Current that constantly reverses directions.
1. Comes from power plants.
2. AC alternates 60 times per second (In the US) or 50 times (In Europe).
3. With AC, it is easy to change the voltage of the power. Power companies save money by using AC.

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1. Dynamos produce direct current
2. Dynamos were the first electrical generators that could deliver power for industry
3. The word 'Dynamo' was originally another name for an electrical generator.
4. The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnets to generate electricity.
5. The first dynamos were made in 1832

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi5t8zrzurRAhVpylQKHdEXA4YQFggZMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fexperiencelife.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-power-of-curiosity%2F&usg=AFQjCNHCOCljkOzjN7rDQa1NZSIIX_AiMQ

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Chapter Four: The Beginning of a Disaster

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Chapter Four: The Beginning of a Disaster

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'To me, being a scientist was worlds better than farming...' (72) This chapter describes William's fascination with technology, describes the Malawian farming process, and the beginning of a famine.

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Sustainable: Able to be maintained at a constant rate.
Ethical: Being morally good.
Feasible: Being able to do the task easily
Benefits of eating grasshoppers:
Bugs are high in protein and are lower in cholesterol than other meats.
Grasshoppers

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'Once you surrender control, you lose it forever.' (54)
This chapter goes through Uncle John's death, William's family having to take care of themselves, William meeting Khamba, and William showing his creativity by showing his bird trap.

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Mangolomera: Magic of strength.
William's first encounter with magic was when he wanted to be stronger than bullies on his soccer team. He meets one of his friends and pays him to have the magic given to him. He tries to use it at a soccer game to beat up somebody, but fails. William confronts the boy who gave him the magic but figures out William was scammed. He had learned that knowledge was more powerful than magic.

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Maize, which is another name for corn, is a large grain plant that was first used by the indigenous people in Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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A government classification for minorities in China and Vietnam.

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Hastings Banda was president of Malawi during 1961 to 1994. He generally supported women's rights and improved the country, but also had one of the most repressive regimes in Africa. The government regularly tortured and killed people who spoke against them.

Cult of Personality: Giving the public a good opinion of you to gain power, commonly with leaders. This applies to Banda because he forced people to hang pictures of him in every shop, which was an attempt to get people to like him.

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´As you can see, I was clearly cheated. My first and only experience with magic had left me with a sore eye and hands that throbbed from bad medicine.´ (48)
This chapter explains William´s father´s life, how his father (Trywell) met his mother, and William´s first experience with magic.

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Map of Malawi

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Memoirs are accounts of historical events written by people who have experienced them. Memoirs are written in first person and tell their own experiences.

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Prologue: An introduction to a story.
Memoir: Something in the past written by someone with personal knowledge.
Theme:  The main subject of a writing.
Universal Theme: Common ideas that appear in literature.
Allusion: Referencing something, usually with history or religious stories.
Epilogue: A passage at the end of the book that concludes what happened.
Figurative Language (Chapter 4)
Simile on Page 77: "By February, the stalks were wilted and hunched toward the ground like an old woman sweeping the dirt."
Personification on Page 78: "One night before bed, I saw a lamp flickering inside and found my father there alone, staring at the sacks as if he'd just asked them a question."

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African Culture

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Chapter One: The life of William Kamkwamba

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Chapter One: The life of William Kamkwamba

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Significant Quote: 'Children everywhere have similar ways of entertaining themselves. If you look at it this way, the world isn't so big.'
SIAS: The first chapter describes the daily life of people in William's village.

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Map of Africa

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William Kamkwamba

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Windmill

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http://iss.schoolwires.com/cms/lib4/NC01000579/Centricity/Domain/2446/text%20strategies.pdf

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Info Text Features

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Info Text Structure