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in 2014, a wiretapping revealed Petriosino's killer, such a Paolo Palazzolo.  One of his descendants, Domenico Palazzolo, was under a massive anti-mafia operation tapping, and without knowing he boasted:

Domenico Palazzotto, si vantava con gli amici che il killer di Petrosino era stato uno zio del padre: “Ha fatto lui l’omicidio del primo poliziotto ucciso a Palermo. Lo ha ammazzato lui Joe Petrosino”, aveva detto agli amici mentre le microspie lo registravano. Petrosino venne ucciso alle 20.45 del 12 marzo 1909

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On March 12, 1909, after arriving in Palermo, Petrosino received a message from someone claiming to be an informant, asking the detective to meet him in the city's Piazza Marina to give him information about the Mafia. Petrosino arrived at the rendezvous, but it was a trap. While waiting for his "informant", Petrosino was shot to death by Mafia assassination. Later a small memorial (an engraved brass plate on a pole) was erected on Piazza Marina in Petrosino's remembrance.

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Petrosino's investigations into Mafia activities led him to Vito Cascio Ferro, then a low rank Black Hand affiliate. In 1903, Petrosino arrested him on suspicion of murder, but Cascio Ferro was acquitted. He later returned to Sicily, where he progressed increasingly to the top rank of the Sicilian Mafia. Cascio Ferro was later suspected of Petrosino's murder.

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In 1895 Theodore Roosevelt, future US President during World War II, promoted him to sergeant detective in charge of the department's Homicide Division for his ability to investigate.He formed the Italian Squad to fight the first form of the American mafia, the Black Hand, specialised in extorsions.

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One notable case in Petrosino's stint with the Italian Squad was when the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso, who was performing at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, was being blackmailed by Black Hand gangsters who demanded money in exchange for his life.

It was Petrosino who convinced Caruso to help him catch those behind the blackmail

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He was the first to understand the importance of the New York Crime Mapping, pioneering different crime techniques that are still practiced by various agencies: he created a database with information, pictures and data about gangsters, criminals and criminal enterprise. For the first time, Italian criminals in Little Italy had an enemy who had Italian origins, spoke their language, knew their methods and could easily penetrate their environment also thanks to his ability to disguise himself. He discovered the intention to assassinate the present US President William McKinley, for example. Petrosino also investigated the infamous “Barrel Murders” case in 1903

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Giuseppe Petrosino was born in Padula on the 30th August, 1860. His family was modest but not poor and he and his brothers could study. Joe was sent with a cousin to live in the States with his grandfather. When he died, the judge took them home to his own family and provided for the boys until relatives in Italy could be contacted and arrangements made to bring over family members. In consequence, Joseph Petrosino and his cousin Anthony Puppolo lived with a "politically connected" Irish household for some time, and this opened up educational and employment avenues not always available to Italian  immigrants.

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Joe Petrosino - Un Grande poliziotto ucciso dalla Mafia a Palermo il 12 marzo 1909

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La vita di Joe Petrosino: - l'emigrazione dalla sua città di origine (Padula, provincia di Salerno), - il trasferimento a Little Italy, quartiere di New York (La seconda città nel mondo con maggior concentrazione di italiani dopo NAPOLI), - la consegna del distintivo di poliziotto (il primo italiano in America), - i ripetuti successi conto la Mano Nera e la Mafia, - la promozione a Tenente, - la comprensione dei legami tra Mafia e Politica, - il viaggio a Palermo, - la morte del poliziotto che fa il giro del mondo.