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THE BEST WAY TO CONTROL DISEASE IS PREVENTION

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THE BEST WAY TO CONTROL DISEASE IS PREVENTION

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Vaccination

Bio-security measures:
1. Cleanliness
2.  Quarantine sick  animals
3. Avoid exposure to disease
4.Isolate new animals

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Bacteria. Spread from animal to animal. Can survive several months on the ground and in the environment.

Treatment:
None reccomended

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Virus. Common in sheep and goats.

Prevention:
Vaccination

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Extremely contagious bacterial infection. Weight loss.

Treatment:
Foot baths

Prevention:
Sanitation and regular hoof trimming.

Found in all livestock animals

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Bacterial disease. Causes sudden death of animals.

Prevention:
Vaccination

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Bacteria that lives in the soil. Enters the animals body through a wound. All livestock animals can have it. Animals that have been castrated or docked should be vaccinated.

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Fungus or mold.

Symptoms:
- loss of appetite
- gasping
- sleepiness
- convulsions
- death

Prevention:
- using mold free litter

No treatment.

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Protozoan parasites.

Symptoms:
- bloody diarrhea
- weight loss
- droopiness

Effects numerous livestock species. There is treatment and prevention

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Virus

Symptoms:
- yellow cankers in the mouth and eyes
- scabs around the head

No known treatment.

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Virus. Common in poultry.

Symptoms:
- gasping for air
- sneezing
- breathing difficulties
- tremors and paralysis

No known treatment.

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

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Viral Disease. Late term fetal death. Weak pigs and respiratory disease in young pigs.

Treatment:
No effective treatment. Vaccines are used for prevention.

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Chronic disease. Coughing in young pigs. Reduces feed intake.

Prevention:
Vaccination and sanitation

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Bacterial disease. Bloody scours.

Treatment:
Use of one of the several recommended drugs in the drinking water.

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A very contagious virus.

Symptoms:
- Vomiting
- diarrhea with white, green, or yellow feces
- kills almost 100% of baby pigs

Treatment:
Drugs and vaccines are not effective in controlling and treating TGE in swine.

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Bacterial Infection that causes inflammation in mammary glands. It is most common in the dairy industry.

Prevention:
Sanitation and proper milking procedures.

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Bacterial disease that lives in soils and infects animals through wounds

Symtoms:
Sudden death
Lameness
Swollen muscles
High fever

Prevention:
Vaccine

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Disease complex with many symptoms, closed eyes, fever, coughing, diarrhea, discharge from nose. More common in young cattle during times of stress.

Treatment:
Antibiotics and sulfa drugs

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Microorganism that causes abortion during last half of pregnancy. Must be slaughtered and disposed of properly.

Prevention:
- vaccinating breeding females
- testing animals
- purchasing from brucellosis free producers

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Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous - into the vein, angled approx. at 25 degrees, jugular vein is most common but takes caution not to hit the carotid artery.
Intradermal - into the epidermal layer of the skin, angled approx. 10-15 degrees.

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Subcutaneous - under the skin, approx. 45 degrees

Intramuscular - into the muscle, 90 degree angle

Intranasal - into the nose, no needle used,

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Modified Live - vaccines that are live but are weakened and have lost their disease killing ability.

Killed - vaccines that do not contain pathogens, but still stimulate immune response.

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Substances that develop resistance to a disease. (immunity)

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Active - naturally acquired immunity, due to exposure to a substance.

Passive - antibodies that are transferred from mother to baby or injected into the animal from an immune animal.

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Caused by a specific disease, causing a microorganism and/or pathogen. Examples are virus, bacteria, and protozoa

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Caused by environmental or nutrition factors. Usually not contagious. Examples are faulty nutrition, trauma, toxic substances, and more.

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Improves sanitation especially during reproductive procedures. Prevents tail biting in pigs.

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Removing sharp teeth on piglets. Prevents injuries to the sow when the piglets are nursing. Performed with disinfected clippers.

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Performed to prevent cannibalism. You can use a hot iron or infrared tool.

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Removing testicles of male animals. This is to prevent breeding and also for meat production purposes.They should be castrated around 3 months of age.

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Prevents injury to people, animals, and the facility. It is best to do it when the animal is young. The different methods of dehorning are spoons type, barnes type, hot irons, saws, and using paste

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External Parasites are mainly ticks, flies, and mites. They can produce internal parasites and can be deadly to animals if there are many.

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Internal Parasites can cause permanent damage to animals. Examples are roundworms, tapeworms, and Protozoa which include coccidia.

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Keeping equipment in good shape and replacing when needed and have a schedule to check up all the equipment. Like if your tractor suddenly stops working, you could have a back up or fix it right then before you keep putting it off and your work piles up.