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America 's Lost Generation & the Bernie Phenomenon

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The Lost Generation: Literature of the 1920s

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Project for an APUSH class on the literature--from novels, poems, magazines, and cartoon strips--and popular authors, of the 1920s.

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Many writers today focus on the social issues facing society same as how the lost generation writers focused on the social issues facing there era's society. Most of the writers today mainly seem to focus on writing about dystopian futures.

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Literature has been a defining part of culture since the beginning of language. The dangers of modern times have led to the writing of dystopian novels, novels which warn of an unhappy future. Many people think of Dystopian novels as purely science fiction-while science fiction is a natural fit for a dystopian story, not all dystopian books are considered science fiction. Without further delay, here are the 12 best dystopian novels.

?This novel isn't the 12th best on the list (it would be rated much higher in my opinion) but it's at number twelve because of the on going argument whether this is truly a dystopian novel or not. The definition of dystopia isn't necessarily clear, though the general definition is that it is a society in which misery and negative conditions prevail (or a seeming utopia gained at horrifying costs.)

As far as a dysfunctional society, the island with its stranded little boys is it, and once the conch shell is no longer seen as authority, everything breaks apart. If anyone wants to argue that an anarchy could work, this book would be an immediate argument against it. This is an incredible psychological work, and I'd say their society is definitely dysfunctional enough to count as a dystopia.
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?This story comes from the first person Offred. Offred is a maid in a time when fertile women are forced to be breeding machines to keep the human population going. This takes place because the world is a post-nuclear world where many women can't have children. This is a very theocratic society, and this book tends to be very pro-feminist and anti-religious, which causes it to often be protested. This is a great dystopian tale that is frightening because the logic of how the society became the way it is happens to be very believable.
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Most of William Gibson's novels revolve around a dystopian future society, but Neuromancer may be the best of them all. This novel won the sci-fi "triple crown" for writers by winning the Nebula, Hugo, and Philip K. Dick awards. In the seedy underground of a Japanese city, a computer hacker is hired to work on the ultimate hack. In a world flushed with AI, virtual reality, genetic engineering, and corporations overpowering nations, the adventure follows. Gibson beat many modern sci-fi writers to the punch, and this dystopian novel is one of the most influential in modern times.
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Iron Heel is an excellent dystopian novel about the rise of a tyrannical corporate oligarchy in the United States. This book doesn't pay attention to technology the way most future dystopian science fiction novels do now. This work stressed changes in society and politics, with the oligarchy formed by robber barons whom bankrupt all the middle class and seize power before enforcing a "caste system" of workers. This was a fantastic dystopian novel that was far ahead of its time.
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Written by Stephen King under the penname of Richard Bachman, "The Running Man" is a fantastic dystopian novel about a frightening future where ratings and entertainment takes form in a man hunt, and where even the "winners" are losers. This novel is far superior to the movie, and in my opinion is one of the best novels written by Stephen King. "The Long Walk" is also an honorable mention.
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I've probably read over 200 books the last two years, and among many good novels, "Armageddon's Children" has been one of my favorites. This is one of the best novels written by Terry Brooks, and takes place in a post apocalyptic world around 2100, following (among others) a lone remaining knight trying desperately to fight off the demon onslaught and a group of street gang kids who roam the remains of Seattle trying to survive. The fantasy world of Shannara was supposedly spawned from the post apocalyptic wastes of Earth, and this series bridges the gap between the two.
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?This dystopian novel is another example of a post-nuclear world. This time the dystopia comes from a "need" for purity. As humans are being born with increasing levels of mutations and deformities, the state decides to execute anyone who isn't "perfect," meaning even one extra toe can be a death sentence. This attempt at forcing perfection in a post apocalyptic world is disturbing and effective, and has spawned many imitators.
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?Most people will know about the film with Clive Owen and Julianne Moore. The movie was very good, but is far different from the book. In this world, for reasons unknown, all men's sperm count plummeted to zero, and without reason or explanation, mankind now faces its own extinction. The fear mongering during this time has allowed governments extraordinary powers to keep the peace, and when a woman becomes pregnant, the implications are enormous.
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"The Time Machine" is one of the best science fiction novels to ever be written. This novel is the story of "The Time Traveler" who builds a machine that allows him to travel to the far distant future. While this might not seem dystopian at first glance, but a seemingly gentle and happy society is plagued by predators who harvest people for food...if that doesn't qualify as a crappy dystopian society, I don't know what does. The hero tells his story to a man of his time, grabs weapons, and goes back into the future never to return. This novel is where the term "time machine" even came from.
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This isn't the best written novel, but it is one of the big three of the dystopian science fiction novels. This could very well be the most recognizable of the big three, as "1984" is synonymous with tyrannical governments, fascism, and dystopian science fiction. Even the phrases "1984" and "Big Brother" are now part of the common culture. Orwell's detailed novel shows how a government can manipulate the people by manipulating the truth and manipulating the news. This book is the source for arguing against a far right government getting unfettered power.
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Guy Montag begins this classic novel as a fireman: meaning he is a man society calls on to burn all books, which are outlawed. Unlike "1984" or "Brave New World," "451" doesn't speak politically against the left or the right politically, but speaks against the dumbing down of society, specifically on how Hollywood pop culture slush and TV entertainment can create an entire nation of people who are not only incapable of fighting for their rights, but who don't even realize the importance of doing so. This is a brilliant novel that shows Guy going from soldier of the state to an independent free thinker who must go on the run to survive.
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While this dystopian masterpiece and "Fahrenheit 451" could be interchangeable as the top two, "Brave New World" gets the nod because the writing itself is the best. This novel is incredible, showing a society where left leaning thinking and self hedonism is taken so far to the extreme that one person's utopia turns out to be an appalling place where the irony of a peaceful existence has caused society to lose all concept of art, honor, religious beliefs, or anything that often defines culture. The "utopia" has people who have no sympathy, no empathy, and this vision of a future is as chilling as any other on this list.
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Contributor: Shane Dayton

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Literature has been a defining part of culture since the beginning of language. The dangers of modern times have led to the writing of dystopian novels, novels which warn of an unhappy future. Many people think of Dystopian novels as purely science fiction-while science fiction is a natural fit for a dystopian story, not all dystopian books are considered science fiction.

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This is a very important quote from Harold Edmund Sterns taking about the lost generation. In the quote he talks about how wrong the world must be if an entire generation wants to abandon it. He also talks about the generation has nothing left for it to do. that is important because during this era a lot of new things were born and a whole new style of life was created. He executes the generation perfectly. Something that is peculiar is that he says, "Rebellious youth is not wanted here". This is interesting because during the 20s there was a lot of crime that happened.

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This is a poem written about the lost generation. This poem is very important to the generation because it describes what life was like for. In one line it says, "Once upon a time families stay together but this will not be true in my era" this is giving insight on what war was like for this generation because they grew up with war and had great loss. In another part of the poem it says "Environmental destruction will be the norm". This is an odd statement to make about your own country, but it was very true. Finally it says that, "and I refuse to believe that I can change the world". This statement it powerful because this generation knew that the world was very damaged and they were willing to accept that.

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After World War I ended a new generation was born known as the lost generation. While they were more widely known as the lost generation writers they were the generation as a whole. This generation was filled with men and women who had come of age during the war. Many people from this generation moved to Europe after war and mainly in Paris. Many of the people who moved felt that their life and homes would never be able to be repaired in America so they moved. The literature that the famous writers wrote was a new and unique style. What was so unique was that the writers were writing about their generation while still being in it. This generation greatly affected America as they were no longer looking towards elders to guide them through life, they were self-sufficient. During this time the automobile was becoming popular and the Wright Brothers took their first flight. The world was changing with the help of the lost generation and it was for the better. Because of their self-sufficientness it made it much easier for younger generation to do things. Overall the lost generation may have been lost, but they helped to find great things for America. The lost generation will live on because many people think that the current generation is a lost generation.

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The lost generation was the generation after which WWI had ended. But more specifically they were a group of writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, E. E. Cummings, Ernest Hemingway, Hart Crane, and many other writers during post WWI. These writers and poets showed that there was no longer a need for materialistic views. This generation came to be after having grown up during the war and having to see great destruction and loss. Many of the writers know as the lost generation used this to help fuel their writing in doing so they came out with wonderful works of art such as The Great Gatsby, The Sun Also Rises, and A Moveable Feast. In these books there were often common themes that were portrayed such as gender roles and impotence. Many of the writers from the lost generation were american but emigrated to Europe. After the 20s though these writers went their separate ways and this style of writing lost its ways. The last works to represent the lost generation were Tender Is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Big Money by Dos Passos' . Tender Is the Night was published in 1934 and The Big Money was published in 1936. Overall the lost generation writers were just writers and poets who came of age during WWI and had witnessed great loss.

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Rudimentary- Involving of limited to basic principles.
Apathetic- showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
Lethargic- affected by lethargy; sluggish and apathetic.
Unpalatable- not pleasant to taste.

Glorification- a glorified or more splendid form of something.

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In this letter written to Scottie Fitzgerald, F. Scott Fitzgerald's daughter, he explains his thoughts on things she should and shouldn't worry about while away at camp. Along with this he tells her some things to think about. This letter is important because through his writing he demonstrates lost writing by saying, "I never believe much in happiness. I never believe in misery either. Those are things you see on the stage or the screen or the printed pages, they never really happen to you in life."  By saying this he allows readers to see how truly lost this generation was. Then in the end of the letter he mentions using the word "egg" multiple times. This statement gives insight to his book The Great Gatsby. In The Great Gatsby he calls the two parts of New York West Egg and East Egg. Overall this letter is important to the Lost Generation Writers because even after this time (letter written in 1933) he still demonstrated the style of writing insinuating it was not yet over.

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When he wasn't busy writing some of the most critically lauded and enduring novels of the 20th Century, The Great Gatsby author F. Scott Fitzgerald could often be found penning the most fascinating of letters to such famous characters as his good friend, Ernest Hemingway; editor extraordinaire, Maxwell Perkins; and his wife and fellow author, Zelda -to name but a few. However, no letters are more revealing, or indeed endearing, than those written to his daughter, Scottie, many of which see him imparting wisdom in a way only he could. This particular letter of advice, written to Scottie while she was away at camp and still just 11 years of age, is a perfect example.

( Source: F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters ; Image: Fitzgerald with both his daughter, "Scottie," and wife, Zelda, via.)

La Paix, Rodgers' Forge
Towson, Maryland

August 8, 1933

Dear Pie:

I feel very strongly about you doing duty. Would you give me a little more documentation about your reading in French? I am glad you are happy - but I never believe much in happiness. I never believe in misery either. Those are things you see on the stage or the screen or the printed pages, they never really happen to you in life.

All I believe in in life is the rewards for virtue (according to your talents) and thepunishments for not fulfilling your duties, which are doubly costly. If there is such a volume in the camp library, will you ask Mrs. Tyson to let you look up a sonnet of Shakespeare's in which the line occurs "Lillies that fester smell far worse than weeds."

Have had no thoughts today, life seems composed of getting up aSaturday Evening Post story. I think of you, and always pleasantly; but if you call me "Pappy" again I am going to take the White Cat out and beat his bottom hard, six times for every time you are impertinent. Do you react to that?

I will arrange the camp bill.

Halfwit, I will conclude.

Things to worry about:

Worry about courage
Worry about Cleanliness
Worry about efficiency
Worry about horsemanship
Worry about. . .

Things not to worry about:

Don't worry about popular opinion
Don't worry about dolls
Don't worry about the past
Don't worry about the future
Don't worry about growing up
Don't worry about anybody getting ahead of you
Don't worry about triumph
Don't worry about failure unless it comes through your own fault
Don't worry about mosquitoes
Don't worry about flies
Don't worry about insects in general
Don't worry about parents
Don't worry about boys
Don't worry about disappointments
Don't worry about pleasures
Don't worry about satisfactions

Things to think about:

What am I really aiming at?
How good am I really in comparison to my contemporaries in regard to:

(a) Scholarship
(b) Do I really understand about people and am I able to get along with them?
(c) Am I trying to make my body a useful instrument or am I neglecting it?

With dearest love,

Daddy

P.S. My come-back to your calling me Pappy is christening you by the word Egg, which implies that you belong to a very rudimentary state of life and that I could break you up and crack you open at my will and I think it would be a word that would hang on if I ever told it to your contemporaries. "Egg Fitzgerald." How would you like that to go through life with - "Eggie Fitzgerald" or "Bad Egg Fitzgerald" or any form that might occur to fertile minds? Try it once more and I swear to God I will hang it on you and it will be up to you to shake it off. Why borrow trouble?

Love anyhow.

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When he wasn't busy writing some of the most critically lauded and enduring novels of the 20th Century, The Great Gatsby author F. Scott Fitzgerald could often be found penning the most fascinating of letters to such famous characters as his good friend, Ernest Hemingway; editor extraordinaire, Maxwell Perkins; and his wife and fellow author, Zelda -to name but a few.

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Many popular themes found within the novels and stories written by the lost generation writers included war, death, loss, nostalgia, and search for love. There characters were lost in the world and could not find a belonging. These authors used there personal experiences in the war to portray the effects of death and loss while other characters  focused on there nostalgia of pre war times. They've lost hope as they are stuck trying to get to the past but must move on.

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The most popular of these authors was F. Scott Fitzgerald who in his book "The Great Gatsby" portrayed the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in its overarching cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. Gertrude Stein  work mainly focused on Cubism as she attempted to parallel the theories of Cubism, specifically in her concentration on the illumination of the present moment. Ernest Hemingway focused his writing on the war he had served and wrote most of his books based on his experiences in the war and post war. Much like Stein, Fitzgerald, and all the other writers, Hemingway felt a sense of lost in the world.

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Lost Generation, a group of American writers who came of age during World War I and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. The term is also used more generally to refer to the post-World War I generation.

The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a United States that, basking under Pres. Warren G. Harding's "back to normalcy" policy, seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotionally barren. The term embraces Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings, Archibald MacLeish, Hart Crane, and many other writers who made Paris the centre of their literary activities in the 1920s. They were never a literary school.

Gertrude Stein is credited for the term Lost Generation, though Hemingway made it widely known. According to Hemingway's A Moveable Feast (1964), she had heard it used by a garage owner in France, who dismissively referred to the younger generation as a "génération perdue." In conversation with Hemingway, she turned that label on him and declared, "You are all a lost generation." He used her remark as an epigraph to The Sun Also Rises (1926), a novel that captures the attitudes of a hard-drinking, fast-living set of disillusioned young expatriates in postwar Paris.

In the 1930s, as these writers turned in different directions, their works lost the distinctive stamp of the postwar period. The last representative works of the era were Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night (1934) and Dos Passos's The Big Money (1936).

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Adam Augustyn.

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Lost Generation | Definition, Writers, Characteristics, Books, & Facts

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Lost Generation, a group of American writers who came of age during World War I and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. The term is also used more generally to refer to the post-World War I generation. Learn more about the Lost Generation in this article.

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The term "Lost Generation Writers" was a term coined by author Gertrude Stein that referred to a group of writers and poets who were men and women during World War II. The members of this group of writers were mainly American but some European writers were also part of this community. These writers had seen the horrors of war, and as a way to cope, they created an idealized but unattainable image of the past in there writings that always ended with death and disappointment. Reversed gender roles was also a popular topic with the Lost Generation Writers as they saw the rise of women in society and there roles such as nurses and aids during the war.

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World War I, originally called the Great War, resulted in more than nine million deaths. The official starting point was the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. However, this was simply the spark that lit a tinder keg of overbuilt armies, im…