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tRNA molecules are not identical and in fact are specific to a particular mRNA codon Anticode. Codon by codon, the genetic message of mRNA is translated as tRNA deposits amino acids in the order prescribed.

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As the sequence is translated by the ribosomes, amino acids must be brought in to join the growing peptide chain It is transfer RNA or tRNA that is responsible for bringing in amino acids from the surrounding cytoplasm.

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This sequence is used to produce an orderly link of amino acids known as a polypeptide or protein.

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As there are only 4 bases in DNA to work with, it was discovered that they must occur in a triplet sequence in order to code for a single amino acid. Therefore, every 3 bases on the mRNA strand will code for one amino acid and this is known as a Codon.

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There are 20 amino acids that form the basis of all proteins. Occurring in different combinations to produce different proteins .

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The ribosomes attach to the mRNA and translate the base sequence into an amino acid sequence ready to make protein.(Think of it like translating Spanish into French.)

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Once transcription is complete the mRNA makes it’s way out of the nucleus and heads towards the ribosomes . Ribosomes are the post office of cells and are responsible for reading codes and packing proteins off on their journey .

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This type of RNA is called messenger-RNA or mRNA because it carries a genetic message to the protein synthesising machinery of the cell.

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During transcription DNA is copied to produce a special type of strand that can be transported around the cell. This special type of DNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose and is therefore known as RNA.

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RNA differs to DNA mainly in its bases, it has Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T), and also consist of only a single strand The same base pairing rules apply during transcription, however, where Thymine occurs on the DNA, Uracil will occur on mRNA.

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Just like your single strand of DNA provided a template for its complimentary strand, a single strand of DNA provides the template for transcription

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The ribosomes of the cell play a key role translating the code and producing the matching protein. This two stage expression of genes into protein is known as transcription and translation.

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Protein synthesis occurs within the cells in two stages. (1)The first stage happens in the nucleus and it involves making a special copies of the genetic code to transport around the cell. (2) The second stage happens in the cytoplasm of the cell where the copied code is translated into a protein.

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Proteins are produced from amino acids that are tied together like a string f beads. the production of protein is known as protein synthesis.

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Protein synthesis are the building blocks of life and form important structural components.
Proteins are the link between an organisms genotype and its phenotype.

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The genetic information held in our DNA is an important set of instructions that code for specific proteins.

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Organisms of the same species or those that are closely related will share a very similar genetic code and this can help us to group them. we share 96% of our DNA with apes

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DNA carries a very specific genetic code that is known as the genotype. Each individual will have its very own distinct code that will determine their definable characteristics.

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Now add 3 more bases to your back bone to create a template strand of DNA

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A fraction (subunit) of DNA is known as a nucleotide.

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Specific paring is to ensure a uniform diameter throughout the structure of DNA.

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Adenine and guanine and purines are bigger in size as they consist of two carbon rings.

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Thymine and cytosine are known as pyrimidines. they are smaller molecules as they only consist of one carbon ring.

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The reason for specific paring is because the bases differ in their chemical structure and size.

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A and T PAIR
G and C PAIR

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There are four nitrogenous bases:
-Thymine (T)
-Adenine (A)
-Guanine (G)
-Cytosine (C)
a base on one trad of helix will pair with a corresponding base on the other strand.

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The rungs of the ladder (steps)come into two parts, a left side and  a rightside and consists of nitrogenous bases that join in the middle.

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The sides of the ladder (backbone) consists of a repeating sequence of sugar-phosphate. the sugar present here is  deoxyribose and that gives DNA its name.

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The structure of DNA is known as double helix(looks like a twisted ladder).  The rungs of the ladder (steps)come into two parts, a left side and  a rightside and consists of nitrogenous bases that join in the middle.

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DNA are fund on the chromosomes that live neatly within the nucleus of cells.

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An animas phenotype decide what the animal looks like the eye colour, coat colour and even their temperaments.

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DNA is the gentetic material that has all living cells in it and provides with coded information that decide how the animal will form its phenotype.