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By: Meera Kirpal
One of the factors leading up to Hitler executing an unbelievable amount of Jewish people is gain. Because of the great depression, Hitler thought that he could use the Jewish for free labor, and rob their houses to benefit economically. It could have been any religion, but because he had a background with Jewish people, he chose them over all the others.
https://www.ushmm.org/learn/introduction-to-the-holocaust/ethical-leaders/background/causes-and-motivations

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By: Tanvir Rasul
The Holocaust was a very dramatic time period and many has been hurt from it. To be more specific
- The Holocaust killed 11 million people in total
- It killed 6 million Jewish people
- The time span of World War 2 where everything happened was 1939-1945
- Over 865,000 died at arrival of their fates
- 1.8 million people died from the gas chambers
Information from Holocaust Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia Britannica

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By; Meera Kirpal
Jewish people were given tattoos when first arrived in the camp to remind them they are not considered people, merely just a burden to the European society.

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The Star of David was used on patches worn on clothing to mark the Jews in the Ghettos and different camps. The word "Jude" meant "Jew" in German.

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By: Cayden Pocrass
Jewish people were being persecuted for their religion and ethnicity long before the Holocaust occurred, which is also a likely reason they were targeted by the Nazis, as the Jewish people had been historically unfairly discriminated against.  In the Inquisition thousands of Jewish people were burned in Spain, Portugal, France, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies.  Several times throughout history Jewish people have been expelled from their homes such as in England in 1290 until after 1650, France in 1306 and 1394 until 1789, Spain and Portugal from 1492-1497 until almost the present day, and from parts of Russia in the Pale of Settlement after the Partitioning of Poland up until 1917 , and Lithuania in 1495. The Jewish people have been forced to convert to other religions throughout history as well

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Encyclopedia of Jewish and Israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from anti-Semitism to Zionism.

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By:Alexis Contreras

Genocide is known as the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those who are apart of a particular ethnic group or nation. An example of genocide is the Holocaust.  The Holocaust  was an attempt by the Nazi government to exterminate Europe's Jewish population. People who were Jewish were either worked to death or sent to a gas chamber and about 6 million Jewish people were killed.

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The term genocide refers to the attempt to wipe out an entire people group - often a race, religion, or nationality - by killing them. Sadly, genocide has occurred throughout history.

Genocide Examples

Native Americans in North America. From the time that Christopher Columbus first reached what would become the Americas, attempts were made at wiping out the indigenous people (often known as Native Americans, American Indians, or Amerindians). The vast majority of these were killed as a result of the diseases that Europeans brought. Although the Europeans were immune to these diseases, the Native Americans were not, causing as many as 100 million of them to die from sickness. Disease was used as a biological weapon against them, and throughout the 1700s and 1800s, the United States continued warring with the remaining natives.

The Haiti Massacre. In an attempt to rid Haiti of its white population, Jean-Jacques Dessalines led a massacre between February and April of 1804, resulting in the deaths of up to 5,000 French Creoles of all ages and genders. According to Dessalines, the massacre was an attempt to preserve the nation. By 1805, only non-whites were legally allowed to own land or be considered citizens of Haiti.

The Dzungar Massacre. The Dzungar were a nomadic empire that was at war with the Qing Dynasty in China in the 17th and 18th centuries. A campaign from the Qing government was aimed at the complete destruction of the people group, with 40% being killed by smallpox, 30% by massacre, and many of the remaining people fleeing the country to escape death. The result of the campaign was the collapse of the Dzungar state and the near-eradication of its people.

Ethnic Cleansing of Circassia. Circassia, an area along coast of the Black Sea in Russia, was seen by the Tsarist Empire as a strategic necessity. For a century, Russia waged war against the Circassians, with more than 90% of the nation being annihilated or deported. According to some historians, this was the largest genocide of the 19th century, with up to 1.5 million Circassians being killed and the rest deported.

The Holodomor. The Soviet Union was responsible for campaigns against many people groups during its existence. The Holodomor was an intentional famine caused by the Soviet government confiscating the whole harvest of 1933 in the Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and elsewhere, leaving the peasantry with no food to feed themselves. As many as ten million people starved to death across the Soviet Union as a result, the majority of them in Ukraine.

The Holocaust. In one of the world's most infamous instances of genocide, the Holocaust was the attempt by the Nazi government to exterminate Europe's Jewish population. Concentration and mass extermination camps either worked Jews to death or gassed them, with approximately 6 million being killed. During the same period, Germany also attempted to exterminate other ethic groups, including Slavs, the Romani, and even the mentally handicapped. Estimates suggest that more than 16 million people were exterminated by the Nazi government before World War II came to an end in 1945.

These are all tragic examples of genocide. It is very important to learn about the different genocides that have occurred in the past so that those who fight for freedom can do everything possible to stop genocide in the future.

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The term genocide refers to the attempt to wipe out an entire people group - often a race, religion, or nationality - by killing them. Sadly, genocide has occurred throughout history. Native Americans in North America.

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The difference between a death, concentration, and labor camp:

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The difference between a death, concentration, and labor camp:

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By: Meera Kirpal
The difference between all three camps is that in each camp, human beings were killed in different ways. In death camps, the population of the camp was put to work that later resulted in death by labor or by cruel treatment, resembling a prison. Concentration camps were specifically created to execute as many Jewish masses as possible. Labor camps were used to put the captured to work only, even though some may die in the process.

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The Ghettos were controlled and segregated Jewish communities where living conditions were miserable. The Ghettos were an important step in the plan to separate and and terminate Jewish people living in Europe. They were used to contain Jewish humans in confined areas while the Nazi leadership deliberated  upon options for the elimination of them. These Ghettos were ran by Nazi high officials and were heavily guarded by outposts. Once the Nazis started to carry out the plan to murder all European Jews, they destroyed the ghettos and deported the Jews to killing centers. After the Jews had spent their time in the Ghettos, which in some cases was only weeks, they were taken death, labor, or concentration camps where they were put to work, experimented on, or murdered.

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Origin of the Term "Ghetto"

The term "ghetto" originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, Italy. Venetian authorities compelled the city's Jews to live in the quarter, which was established in 1516. In the 16th and 17th centuries, officials ranging from local authorities to the Austrian emperor ordered the creation of ghettos for Jews in Frankfurt, Rome, Prague, and other cities.

Ghettos during World War II

During World War II, the SS and other German occupation authorities concentrated urban and sometimes regional Jewish populations in ghettos. Living conditions were miserable. Ghettos were often enclosed districts that isolated Jews by separating Jewish communities from the non-Jewish population and from other Jewish communities. The Germans established at least 1,143 ghettos in the occupied eastern territories. There were three types of ghettos:

closed ghettos

open ghettos

destruction ghettos

German occupation authorities established the first ghetto in occupied Poland in Piotrków Trybunalski in October 1939. The largest ghetto in occupied Poland was the Warsaw ghetto. In Warsaw, more than 400,000 Jews were crowded into an area of 1.3 square miles. Other major ghettos were established in the cities of Lodz, Krakow, Bialystok, Lvov, Lublin, Vilna, Kovno, Czestochowa, and Minsk. Tens of thousands of western European Jews were also deported to ghettos in the east.

The Germans ordered Jews in the ghettos to wear identifying badges or armbands. They also required many Jews to carry out forced labor for the German Reich. Nazi-appointed Jewish councils ( Judenraete) administered daily life in the ghettos. A ghetto police force enforced the orders of the German authorities and the ordinances of the Jewish councils. This included facilitating deportations to killing centers. Jewish police officials, like Jewish council members, served at the whim of the German authorities. The Germans did not hesitate to kill those Jewish policemen who were perceived to have failed to carry out orders.

Ghettos and the "Final Solution"

In many places, ghettoization lasted a short time. Some ghettos existed for only a few days. Others lasted for months or years. The Germans saw the ghettos as a provisional measure to control and segregate Jews while the Nazi leadership in Berlin deliberated upon options for the removal of the Jewish population.

With the implementation of the " Final Solution" (the plan to murder all European Jews) beginning in late 1941, the Germans systematically destroyed the ghettos. The Germans and their auxiliaries either shot ghetto residents in mass graves located nearby or deported them. Jews were deported to killing centers. German SS and police authorities also deported a small minority of Jews from ghettos to forced-labor camps and concentration camps.

In August 1944, German SS and police completed the destruction of the last major ghetto, in Lodz.

Resistance in the Ghettos

Jews responded with a variety of resistance efforts. Ghetto residents frequently smuggled food, medicine, weapons, or intelligence across the ghetto walls. These and other such activities often took place without the knowledge or approval of the Jewish councils. On the other hand, some Jewish councils and some individual council members tolerated or encouraged the smuggling because the goods were necessary to keep ghetto residents alive.

The Germans generally showed little concern in principle about religious worship, attendance at cultural events, or participation in youth movements inside the ghetto walls. However, they often saw a "security threat" in any social gathering and would move ruthlessly to incarcerate or kill perceived ringleaders and participants. The Germans generally forbade any form of consistent schooling or education.

In the very beginning, my mother and several other women organized a clandestine school for children who were below the age of work, and it was a wonderful thing because we had something to look forward to
- Charlene Schiff

In some ghettos, members of Jewish resistance movements staged armed uprisings. The largest of these was the Warsaw ghetto uprising in spring 1943. There were also violent revolts in Vilna, Bialystok, Czestochowa, and several smaller ghettos.

Ghettos in Hungary

In Hungary, ghettoization did not begin until the spring of 1944 after the German invasion and occupation. In less than three months, the Hungarian gendarmerie, coordinating with German deportation experts from the Reich Main Office for Security, concentrated nearly 440,000 Jews from all over Hungary except for the capital city, Budapest. They forced the Jews into short-term "destruction ghettos" and then deported them into German custody at the Hungarian border. The Germans deported most of the Hungarian Jews to the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center.

In Budapest, Hungarian authorities required Jews to confine themselves to marked houses (so-called Star of David houses). On October 15, 1944, leaders of the fascist Arrow Cross movement seized power in a German-sponsored coup. A few weeks later, the Arrow Cross government formally established a ghetto in Budapest. About 63,000 Jews lived in this 0.1 square mile area. Approximately 25,000 Jews who carried certificates indicating they were under the protection of a neutral power were confined in an "international ghetto" in the city. In January 1945, Soviet forces liberated that part of Budapest in which the two ghettos were located and liberated the nearly 90,000 Jewish residents.

Last Edited: Dec 4, 2019

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The term "ghetto" originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, Italy. Venetian authorities compelled the city's Jews to live in the quarter, which was established in 1516. In the 16th and 17th centuries, officials ranging from local authorities to the Austrian emperor ordered the creation of ghettos for Jews in Frankfurt, Rome, Prague, and other cities.

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By: Tanvir Rasul
There were camps used during the Nazi reign to eradicate the innocent Jewish people. The labor camp was used to force Jewish people to do manual labor for the Nazis, so that the Nazis could receive an economic advantage during the period and shortly after the Great Depression. Receiving no food or water, the laborers were  in horrible conditions and it caused death due to the lack of food and water.  Death camps were another camp used to eliminate the Jewish population either by experiments, labor, or any extreme efforts. Though the most cruel camp was the concentration camps which was the most deadly camp as it killed at least 1,885,889 people. The camp had poisonous gas chambers that was enforced as a "shower" with no prisoners knowing. The lethal substance would then suffocate the prisoners killing many instantly and others over the period of 15 minutes. The bodies would go into the cremation chamber but right before they would strip off any valuables owned to the prisoner and shave their hair to create their uniforms. The ashes would be discarded and over 1.8 million people suffered through this method.

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By Cayden Pocrass
Originally the word holocaust meant a huge sacrifice or destruction.  In modern times the word Holocaust with a capital H refers to the genocide of 6 million Jewish people in World War 2 by the Axis powers, and when the word is used with a lowercase h it usually refers to enormous levels of destruction, such as what might be caused by a nuclear warhead.

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Oliver Francis
Nick  Connors
Alexis Contreras
Meera Kirpal
Cayden Pocrass
Tanvir Rasul