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Inherent Powers: Powers not described in the Constitution, but that have been claimed by presidents.

Thomas Jefferson decided to purchase the Louisiana Territory from France is an example.

Theodore Roosevelt expressed the broad view of presidential power...

He explained that it was both the president’s right and duty to “do anything that the needs of the Nation demanded, unless such action was forbidden by the Constitution or by the laws.”

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Executive Privilege: The right of the president and other high-ranking executive officers to refuse to testify before Congress or a court.

Not named in the Constitution.

The Supreme Court has ruled that with certain qualifications, executive privilege is a part of the separation of powers.

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Safeguards in the Constitution against the possibility that presidents would abuse their lawful powers.

The judicial and legislative branches limit the president’s authority.

The Supreme Court can rule executive actions unconstitutional.

Congress can pass legislation even if a president vetoes it, and the Senate must confirm a president’s appointees and all treaties.

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The House and Senate can also impeach the president.

Impeach: To accuse a public official of misconduct in office.

House of Representatives initiates the impeachment.

Senate investigates the accusation and then votes about whether or not to remove the president from office.

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The president can grant reprieves and pardons for federal crimes.

A reprieve postpones legal punishment.

A pardon releases a person from legal punishment.

Amnesty: A presidential order that pardons a group of people who have committed an offense against the government.