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Importance of D-Day Correspondent to the Holocaust

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Bialystok was assigned to the soviets in the german-soviet pact of 1939; until germany invaded the soviets in 1941 (United States holocaust memorial, Washington, DC soviet and german occupation of Bialystok). In the early days of german rule, order police and einsatzgruppe detachments rounded up and killed jews.

The order police were uniformed police forces which were typically responsible for maintaining public order and enforcing traffic violations, but the Nazis radicalized them and turned them into a militarized murderous institution. After they were radicalized they instead guarded ghettos, facilitated deportations, hunted for jews, and perpetrated the massacre of jews and others. They helped the speed and spread of the brutality and speed of the genocide of jews (United States Halocaust memorial museum. “The Order Police” Halocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-order-police. Accessed on Feb. 10.) In August 1941, the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok, about 50,000 jews from the city and the surrounding region were confined in the small area in the city (United States holocaust memorial, Washington, DC, establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok). This ghetto had two sections which was divided by the biala river; most jews in the ghetto worked in labor forces, primarily large textile factories located inside the ghetto but also sometimes places located outside the camps.

50,000 jews were confined within this small area. Jews were being trapped and killed within the camp which is similar to the holocaust. In this camp there are both factories for work and the mass execution sites.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok” Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/bialystok. Accessed on Feb. 10.

In Feb 1943, approximately 10,000 Jews were deported to Treblinka killing center, during their travel, jews that were unable to walk or too weak were just killed. In August 1943, the Germans mounted an operation to destroy the Bialystok ghetto (United States halocaust memorial, Washington, DC, Deportation from Bialystok to Treblinka). They surrounded the ghetto and started to round up Jews, those deemed fit to work were set to the Majdanek camp. (United States Holocaust memorial, Washington, DC, Deportation from Bialystok to Treblinka) In the same month of August 1943, during the deportations, all hope was lost and survival in the ghetto was unlikely so they staged an uprising against the Germans. More than a hundred Jews managed to escape during the five days of fighting and hundreds of dead(United States halocaust memorial, Washington, DC, Deportation from Bialystok to Treblinka).

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Treblinka” Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/bialystok. Accessed on Feb. 10.

Work cited

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Treblinka” Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/bialystok. Accessed on Feb. 10

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok” Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/bialystok. Accessed on Feb. 10

United States Holocaust memorial museum. “The Order Police” Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-order-police. Accessed on Feb. 10

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The Hitler Youth- Claudia

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Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France

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Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France

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Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France

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Isaiah Smith

The Treaty of Versailles was purposed to ensure an enduring peace by punishing Germany and putting in place a League of states to unravel diplomatic problems. Instead, it left a legacy of political and geographical difficulties that have often been blamed, sometimes solely, for starting the Second World War.

Three important people that were called the “Big Three” all had different demands they wanted. Woodrow Wilson wanted a "fair and lasting peace" and had written a plan, the Fourteen Points, to achieve this. He wanted the armed forces of all nations reduced, not just the losers, and a League of Nations created to ensure peace. Frances Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay dearly for the war, including being stripped of land, industry, and its armed forces. He also hopes to receive significant compensation. Lloyd George was torn between wanting to build a strong Germany as a bulwark against communism, and public pressure to ‘Make Germany Pay.

The Treaty of Versailles is connected to the holocaust by being one of the main sources of conflict that brought lots of issues up. “Germany lost 13% of its territory, something that came to be a source of bitter resentment to German nationalists within the 1920s.”(Woodbridge) Extreme nationalists like Hitler eventually weaponized this later on and it reciprocally gave Hitler an increase in fame creating lots more issues.

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Jahaziel Herberth

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Holocaust Map Reasearch- Babi Yar massacare-Jahaziel Herberth Martinez

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Marlith Duran

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Buchenwald
Estefani Angeles- Rodriguez

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Mapping the Holocaust Research Project, Estefani Angeles

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Fernanda Velazquez Orozco
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Ethan Weist

Kindertransport was one of the most successful attempts at rescuing Jewish civilians around the beginning of the mass Jewish extermination in Germany and related nations. Kindertransport actually began before World War II, when Germany’s attempt to assault and capture Jewish civilians. Kindertransport was a British transportation program comprised of numerous rescue efforts with a goal to transport Jewish refugees away from the upcoming dangers in Germany and related nations. This program was set into action after the events of Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, when Jewish residencies were attacked by Nazi extremists in the cold of night. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum referring to the British’s reaction to Kristallnacht, “after the pogrom, the British government eased immigration restrictions for certain categories of Jewish refugees” (“Kindertransport, 1938-1940”). The British government wanted to help Jewish refugees who were seeking to leave Germany after events such as Kristallnacht. The major problem was that there were too many Jewish refugees, and not all of them could be helped.

The British government came up with the idea to only transport children under the age of seventeen out of Germany to prevent too large of an emigration from happening. These children were to be immigrated into Great Britain to live there until it was safe to return. According to the Kindertransport Association, “It was agreed to admit the children on temporary travel documents, with the idea that they would rejoin their parents when the crisis was over” (“Kindertransport and KTA History”). The British government wanted to do what they could to help these refugees in such a disastrous moment in history, but they knew that these children could not stay in Great Britain forever. Though their stay in Great Britain was temporary, the government sought to make their time in the country pleasant. Older refugees were tasked with caring for the younger ones, while some with either no young family accompanying them or no one to watch after them were fostered by British families. Education was offered to all refugees along with compensation for their caretakers to afford to support them. Eventually, the time came for the children to return to Germany. The Holocaust had ended, and they were free to return. Unfortunately, many returned to empty homes, as those not as fortunate as them were transported to concentration camps and killed.

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The voyage of The St. Louis was when Jewish refugees fleeing the Third Reich, the refugees had applied for Cuban visas, so they sailed to Cuba, and while in Cuba they would get American visas, when they reached Cuba, they were not allowed to land because Political issues there took the authenticity of the visas into question, the refugees there stayed for five days to negotiate, but negotiations failed and they were forced to leave. The refugees then sailed to Florida and while there negotiated with the U.S. government, but they were not allowed to stay because they had no visas, so they were forced to leave back to Europe. News of their journey quickly spread and when England, France, Belgium, and The Netherlands found out, they allowed the refugees to stay there out of Nazi control, until France, Belgium, and The Netherlands were invaded by Nazis.

Images--> https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oYikShG415kMr-YJyNST_V02i2Gv3-3AncJDXF0wv9k/edit

“Voyage of the St. Louis.” Ushmm.org, 2019, encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/voyage-of-the-st-louis.
(The images and information are from the same source)

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Alexandria Tootle

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Mapping the Holocaust Research Project (1)

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Zach Byrne