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"Historically underserved and marginalized students often experience additional learning obstacles resulting from stressful experiences related to poverty and inequity."
"...middle and high school students need authentic opportunities to express and explore their cultural traditions, personal heritage, and community values while in school."
-- I think it is important for us as teachers to remember that students lives outside of school play a part in how they participate in their learning. We need to help and support who they are.

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"Provide opportunities for students to establish personal academic, career, and social goals. Students are more likely to thrive and make positive choices when they understand (1) the relevance of education to their future success and (2) that high school is not an end in itself but rather a path to greater autonomy and choice."
-This goes back to adolescents having the capacity and being able to make better choices when they have the contexts and reasons for why teachers want them to do things, and that it's not some arbitrary cruelty.

""Understand that self-regulation improves from childhood but still develops during adolescence. To foster self-regulation skills, educators must ensure that students’ basic needs are met"
-Students can't learn if they are hungry or worrying about basics - teachers need to get to know their students and adjust based on things going on in their personal lives.

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"social and emotional development involves exploring meaning and finding purpose"

This is important because it means adolescents will make mistakes as they explore and find a purpose in life, and those mistakes may involve several growing pains.

"Culture constructs the nature of learning environments"

This quote emphasizes how culture plays a key role in learning, and when we are not sensitive to or aware of a student's culture and background, we lose them in the class.

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1. "A school culture
that supports students’ positive identity development and allows them to pursue their own learning interests can inspire
academic achievement and a lifelong passion for learning."
2. " Motivations for adolescents tend to be extrinsic and tied to social status, shared peer values, personal memories, emotional systems, and a desire for novel adult experiences."
Understanding that as educators we not only need to support students academic learning but also support their positive identity development. We will play a key role into shaping students into members of society, so we must inspire them to be life-long learners. To do this, we need to think about how adolescents are motivated to learn. Keeping in mind they are turning to extrinsic motivators such as peer groups, that will need to guide our teaching.

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Learning environments also have expanded to include digital technology as today’s adolescents increasingly use online spaces to learn and build relationships. Pg. 8

Stress affects the learning of adolescents particularly because the brain structures involved in stress regulation still are developing Pg. 9

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"The role of peer and adult relationships shifts during adolescence. Peers become increasingly important as they influence the reward systems within the adolescent brain."

As the shifts can be difficult to navigate in adolescence, it is important to provide ample support and be a source of positivity for students.

"During adolescence, young people develop into agents capable of making conscious, voluntary actions that exercise greater control over themselves and their surrounding environment."

Part of this entails individuals finding themselves, and it is important as educators to provide the tools, education, and support for students during adolescence, but not tottery to shape who they are through lessons or actions. It is important to be supportive, but every individual is different and will have different experiences.

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The way the process shifts: "Adolescence begins in biology and ends in culture".

Tip to guide instruction: "Social learning precedes and influences cognitive development".

Educators who do not plan lessons with these two principles in mind are limiting the benefit they provide to students in a basic way.

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Bernie - 1.) "Adolescents have an increased sensitivity to social evaluation, praising their learning process and successful strategies, not effort alone, can support development of a positive mindset and motivate them to learn." 2.) "Adolescence is the perfect time to engage students in college and career planning because the key brain regions involved in abstract thought, planning, and thinking about the future are developing." 

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Bernie - 1.) "Adolescents have an increased sensitivity to social evaluation, praising their learning process and successful strategies, not effort alone, can support development of a positive mindset and motivate them to learn." 2.) "Adolescence is the perfect time to engage students in college and career planning because the key brain regions involved in abstract thought, planning, and thinking about the future are developing." 

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1.) I think that this quote is so important because it taps into what adolescents are motivated by but also how to motivate students with your actions.  Praising their out of the box thinking will tap into a great way to motivate them further.
2.) I got really excited when I read this line. I really think opening students up to college and career access and what is out there in the future is great and I am excited that this seems to be prime time.

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1. "Development depends on the learning environment provided during adolescence."
-The brain is very suggestible at this age therefore teachers need need to promote a positive mindset and develop supportive relationships.
2. "Need opportunities to explore different aspects of their identities and exercise the social and cognitive tools that allow them to develop agency on their lives."
-Giving students opportunities to explore and try new things in a safe environment with no real life consequences.

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"Adolescents are more sensitive to some types of rewards, such as social recognition, than adults and younger children. Adolescents are more likely to engage in both positive and negative forms of risk taking, especially if peers support that behavior. "

"Provide opportunities for students to establish personal academic, career, and social goals. Students are more likely to thrive and make positive choices when they understand: (1) the relevance of education to their future success and (2) that high school is not an end in itself but rather a path to greater autonomy and choice. "

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"Culture and learning environments inside and outside of schools and online likewise affect the learning opportunities adolescent students experience and their development and capacity to learn overall."

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"Culture and learning environments inside and outside of schools and online likewise affect the learning opportunities adolescent students experience and their development and capacity to learn overall."

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"students’ mindsets about learning evolve and
their motivations for academic persistence and success change
during adolescence."

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"Adolescents’ increased inclination to engage in risk-taking behaviors is not a deficit."

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"Adolescents’ increased inclination to engage in risk-taking behaviors is not a deficit."

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This is extremely important for educators. Sometimes we get frustrated with their actions and label it as a deficit when in fact they are performing that action with the hopes of achieving a certain "award" for it. As educators we can provide them with positive reinforcements and rewards to that we can steer some of their actions and behaviors into a more positive direction.

"educators and leaders must ensure that adolescent learning environments connect meaningfully to adolescents’ cultural values and community experiences."

It is vital that educators connect with their student's and understand their community and cultural settings and experiences. Being able to understand and relate to their experiences will provide a safe, engaging and encouraging learning environment.

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"When students feel that their schools recognize and value their personal identities, culture, and community beliefs, their motivation to engage in academic and extracurricular activities increases." 

# data[].attributes.subject
"When students feel that their schools recognize and value their personal identities, culture, and community beliefs, their motivation to engage in academic and extracurricular activities increases." 

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"Adolescents need school- and community-based opportunities to take positive risks and practice self-regulation through activities that capitalize on their natural tendencies, rather than work against them."

This goes back to listening and getting to know your students. If we can see our students' strengths and help them understand how to use their strengths to motivate themselves. Representation needs to be in our schools early. It is so important to understand the culture of kids who are all working with technology on a daily basis. As a dance teacher, I find that music is a huge way to connect with students and provide them with a space that they feel they belong in. Our job is to prepare them with the knowledge, confidence, and problem solving skills to navigate post-secondary and professional life.

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"Provide students with internships, work-based learning, career academies, career and technical education course work, and mentors from the business community. These types of authentic work/learning opportunities build on adolescents' inherent desire for novel adult-like experiences, help students envision their future selves, and activate the brain networks for higher-order thinking"

I think treating students like the adults they will become is so important for not only them to understand the relevancy of all their schooling but also engage/challenge them more.

"Educators must consider how the intersection of school and societal cultures can support or hinder student learning and create culturally responsive environments for the diverse students they serve"

This quote ties in with the last article in the way that although the definition of "adolescent" ranges from student to student, it is so incredibly important to understand that each student's background has the potential to support or hinder them as students and you need to have not only a good relationship with your students to understand that but also give grace to every student as you may not know exactly what they're going through.

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-   Q1: Educators can provide adolescents with school-based opportunities to take risks associated with positive academic and social outcomes, such as college acceptance, career preparation, and developing friendships to allow students to benefit from their tendency to pursue new experiences.
Q2: Furthermore, the process of discovering who they are, who they want to be, and how they can impact their communities motivates adolescents to pursue learning opportunities that align with their goals

Response: I believe these quotes are important because we are so heavily influencing student's future and we have the opportunity to help steer them in the best direction.