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ABDG trade school

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The two Fridas

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thank you for listening!!!

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Exhibit 5: Modern Art

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Claude Monet

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concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color

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PABLO PICASSO

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A movement developed during the early 20th by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. In its most severe "analytical" phase, Cubism abstracted the forms of the visible world into fragments or facets drawn from multiple points of view then, constructed an image from them which had its own internal logic

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Henri Matisse

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- bold

- Arbitrary

- Expressive color

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Edvard Munch 1893

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An art movement of the early 20th century, especially prevalent in Germany, which claimed the right to distort visual appearances to express psychological or emotional states, especially the artist's own personal feelings.

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by Vincent Van Gogh

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in favor of an emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content.

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One of the first was the eccentric Vincent Van Gogh, who famously painted ‘Country Road in Province by Night’. The 20th century saw notable pre-cubists like Georges Braque and Maurice de Vlaminck, who nurtured a style known as Fauvism. Although they contributed to Interpretive art and helped advance it, Paul Cezzane’s ideas helped Pablo Picasso develop his style of Cubism. The art was a completely different style which was so knew and different that it took people completely by surprise.

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Surrealism was an artistic movement that developed in Europe after World War I. It uses unerving scenes and strange creatures (often made from everyday objects) to activate the unconscious mind of the viewer. Surrealists were inspired by new social ideas of the time, including Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of dreams and the unconsciousness. One notable Surrealist was Max Ernst, a German artist. To the right is his painting The Elephant Celebes, which features an elephant made from normal objects, including a clay corn bin and metallic tubing.

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Bauhaus was an art movement that originated from a German art school of the same name, which was open from 1919 to 1933. They were known for their unique approach to design because they combined crafts with the fine arts and designed buildings that were both functional and appealed to aesthetics.

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Modern Art refers to the art produced from 1860 to the 1970s, and covers many different subgroups. This exhibit will focus on Surrealism and the Bauhaus.

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Fagus Factory in Germany

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Interpretive art was a new style of art which was very different to previous artwork; the new idea of art didn’t necessarily directly convey a meaning, but allowed people to draw their own conclusions from the art. This new style could be defined by small, thin, brush strokes and an open composition. Interpretive art had a focus on light and a new unique appearance that could convey many messages.

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Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

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Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

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Enlightenment art brought about the new style of Rococo. The Enlightenment placed an emphasis on individuality and self-ability, leading to many new ideas and discoveries. Many of these were derived from nature. This was reflected in Rococo as it sought to reject the past styles which focused on geometry and patterns and instead placed significance in gentle action. Rococo was characterized by following the shape of natural objects. The Enlightenment’s focus on individuality also showed up in the art’s secularity and lightness. This style is reflected in the work of Antoine Watteau who depicted the joyful, peaceful lives of aristocrats and the upper-class. Another popular art-style of the time was Neoclassicism (New-Classic). Neoclassics sought to imitate the ancient art-styles of Greece and Rome. This can be seen in the work of Jaque-Louis David. David’s art focused on honor and patriotism, making it especially popular during the French Revolution.

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Realism was a new literature and a new intellectual movement that had taken its place by the end of the 1890's. It retained the less Romantic aspects of Regionalism, especially the realities of the common man.

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The Elephant Celebes

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Realism literature:

literary movement that represents reality by portraying mundane, everyday experiences as they are in real life

Examples of realism literature:

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain)

House of Mirth (Edith Wharton)

The Jungle (Upton Sinclair)

The Red Badge of Courage (Stephen Crane)

Daisy Miller (Henry James)

The Call of the Wild (Jack London)

Middlemarch (George Eliot)

Vanity Fair (William Makepeace Thackeray)

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Realism art:

characterised by subjects painted from everyday life in a naturalistic manner

Realism art examples:

The Shepherdess - Painting by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

The Stone Breakers - Painting by Gustave Courbet

The Potato Eaters - Painting by Vincent van Gogh
Yawning Apprentice Painting by Mihály Munkácsy
Ivan the Terrible and his Son Ivan - Painting by Ilya Repin
The Absinthe Drinker - Painting by Édouard Manet

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Causes of Realism:
1. Reaction against Romanticism
2. Interest in the Scientific Method
3. Systematizing the study of documentary history
4. Influence of rational philosophy

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Another important medieval artist was Giotto, who lived in the late 13th century and early 14th century and painted a series of frescos following the life of Christ. The painting to the left is named The Flight into Egypt and shows Mary, Joseph, and Jesus as they fled Bethlehem.

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Romantic music: 
-Emphasized expression of feelings.

-Included composers like Frederic Chopin, Franz Lizst, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky.

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FEEL FREE TO READ OUR INFORMATIVE SLIDES OR JUST LISTEN TO OUR TOUR GUIDES TALK ABOUT THE EXHIBITS 

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FEEL FREE TO READ OUR INFORMATIVE SLIDES OR JUST LISTEN TO OUR TOUR GUIDES TALK ABOUT THE EXHIBITS 

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Renaissance art was the first major step away from the highly religious art which was prevalent in the middle ages. Along with reflecting more secular values, Renaissance art developed many new techniques which would revolutionize the world of art. These included the depiction of movement, a use of perspective and proportion to add depth to art, and the use of oil based paints as opposed to tempera. The Renaissance also saw the rise of patrons who would sponsor the creation of art. One of the artists who encapsulated this style was Sandro Botticelli  who’s work not only reflected Greek and Roman mythology, but which maintained an “otherworldly” feel, a reflection of the idealism which was prominent in Renaissance art. Following the Renaissance period, there were a series of further developments and styles which reflected the values of the time. One of these, the Baroque Period, was especially important as it took place during the religious revival of the sixteenth century. Thus, it incorporated a prominent use of dramatic effects to stimulate emotion in the viewer. This period was dominated by the work of Gian Lorenzo Bernini who’s mystical style characterized the time.

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Romantic art: Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality, imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes, religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty.

Examples of romanticism in art/romantic art:

Liberty Leading the People - Painting by Eugène Delacroix

The Raft of the Medusa - Painting by Théodore Géricault

Wanderer above the Sea of Fog - Painting by Caspar David Friedrich

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The political and economic atmosphere at the time heavily influenced this period, with many writers finding inspiration from the French Revolution.

The publication of "Lyrical Ballads" by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is considered the beginning of literary Romanticism.

ROMANTIC WRITERS:
-stressed emotions and imagination
-write about subjective experiences of the individual (desires, hopes, dreams)
-celebrated intense passion and vision
-believed in experimentation
-reflected on the experiences of childhood, primitive societies, and the common man

Examples of romanticism in literature:

the composition Hymns to the Night by Novalis.

poetry by William Blake

Rousseau's philosophical writings

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Refers to a movement in art, literature, and music during the 19th century,
it is characterized by imagination, intuition, idealism, inspiration and individuality.

The four major themes of Romanticism are emotion and imagination, nature, and social class.

The "Romantic" movement was not about romance, but REVOLUTION and RADICALISM.

The movement made its way to America.

Key Element of Romanticism: Romantics emphasized NATURE and saw it as a powerful, healing force.

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One of the most influential artists in the 13th and 14th centuries was Duccio di Buoninsegna,  a painter from Siena, Italy. Perhaps his most famous artwork is Madonna and Child, a painting of the Virgin Mary and baby Jesus. As shown in Madonna and Child, medieval art was very flat and not very realistic, with the main focus being on the religious scene. Additionally, because medieval artists used tempera paint, a paint made out of egg yolks, medieval paintings were prone to cracking.

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Medieval art is from the Middle Ages, a period of time in Europe from the 5th to the 15th century when feudalism and religion dominated society. Art, like much else of society at the time, was controlled by the Catholic Church, leading medieval art to be very religious. 

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The Classical Age lasted from 800 BCE to 600 CE and describes the civilizations of Ancient Greek and Ancient Rome. Classical art was focused on depicting ideal human beauty and sculpted nude sculptures to do so. Pictured to the right is The Discuss Thrower, originally a bronze statue made by Athenian sculptor Myron around 450 BCE. This specific sculpture is not the original, which was lost, but rather one of many Roman copies done in either marble or bronze. As you can see, the Romans were very inspired by the Greeks and often borrowed or copied Greek art into their own.

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Early civilizations also used art to depict religious scenes, as demonstrated by the Egyptians in this painting of Anubis, an Egyptian god, weighing the hearts of dead men on the scale of truth.

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From the dawn of civilization, around 4000 BCE, humans had already been using charcoal and other pigments to depict hunting scenes on cave walls for over 10,000 years. This is a cave painting from the Magura Cave in Bulgaria dating back 4000 to 8000 years ago.

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Exhibit 4: Interpretive Art (and ALL the sub schools)

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Exhibit 3: Romanticism & Realism

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Exhibit 2: Renaissance & Enlightenment

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Exhibit 1: Early Civilization, Classical Age, Medieval art

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Acknowledgments: Logistics Manager: Megan Li, Design Manager: Anoushka Mekerira, Tech Manager: Ryan DeBarger, Research Manager: Thomas Banner Haimes

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Acknowledgments: Logistics Manager: Megan Li, Design Manager: Anoushka Mekerira, Tech Manager: Ryan DeBarger, Research Manager: Thomas Banner Haimes