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Passenger Elevator- improved movement in buildings, when later electrified, stimulated the development of skyscrapers. Elisha Otis, 1853

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The beginning of the Trans-Continental Railroad. The trans-continental railroad connected the United States from the east to the west.

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With the country's huge size, the ready availability of natural resources, its expanding domestic market, and its relative political stability combined to make the United States the world's leading industrial power by 1914. American industrialization began in the textile factories, similar to Britain. The US government played an important role in industrialization. Tax breaks, huge grants of public land to the railroad companies, laws enabling the easy formation of corporations, and the absence of much overt regulation of industry all fostered the rise of very large business enterprises.

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Wilbur and Orville Wright created the airplane in 1903. The airplane was one of the greatest transportation inventions ever.

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In 1895, Pedro Paulet invented liquid fuel propulsion engine for rockets. He is considered the Father of Astronautics.

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Latin America was struggling with decimated populations, diminished herds of livestock, flooded or closed silver mines, abandoned farms, shrinking international trade and investment capital, and empty national treasuries. Social life hasn't changed much fundamentally, however women remained disenfranchised and wholly outside of formal political life. Slavery was also abolished which provided productive economic resources such as businesses, ranches, and plantations, mostly ran by white men.

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Juan Vucetich came up with the idea of using fingerprints to determine who was the criminal, in 1891.

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By the late 19th century industrialism had widened the technological gap between Africa and the West. Due to advances in military technology, Europeans could control a territory with fewer troops making African conquest more affordable. Industrialism also led to medical advancements and a greater need for a secure and steady supply of raw materials, which Africa had in abundance.

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Africa was abundant in several raw materials which included wood. Wood was given to Europeans because they controlled parts of Africa.

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Africa was abundant in gold. Gold was given to Europeans due to their authority in Africa.

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British factories would turn Egypt's cotton into cloth. This changed life for most Egyptian peasants. They were used to working much of the year to grow food, but always got to rest in winter. After the 1810s, men, women and children still labored to grow food in summer and fall, and then in winter they were forced into cotton production.

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Egypt had an abundant amount of petroleum than anywhere else in the Middle East. This oil fueled the Industrial Revolution.

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During the nineteenth century, Egypt became a major producer of cotton and embarked on a process of building an industrialized economy. Due to a failure of leadership, a small amount of natural resources such as coal, and competition between other countries that sold cotton, the Egyptian's Industrial Revolution was short lived.

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Rudolph Diesel created the Diesel engine, which made it easier and simpler to maintain compared to a standard combustion engine. 1897

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Doubled Weaving Production- John Kay, 1733

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Spinning Jenny- Multi spinning frame for wool or cotton, James Hargraves, 1764

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Power loom- created water powered weaving. With introducing this new technology, new cotton growers could not keep up. Edmund Cartwright, 1785

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Rudolph Diesel created the Diesel engine, which made it easier and simpler to maintain compared to a standard combustion engine. 1897

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Bicycle- Although he created it with no pedals, brakes, or springs, it was built from pieces of horse drawn carriages. Karl von Sauerbrun, 1818

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Within Europe, the movement of families from the countryside to the cities involved half or more of the region's people. Poverty, a rapid growing population, and the displacement of peasant farming and artisan manufacturing had a transformative global impact, temporarily increasing Europe's share of the world's population and scattering Europeans around the world.
European society changed in that mass production of goods made them more available and cheaper. A new middle class of capitalists arose with included merchants, landowners and bankers. This helped develop the free enterprise system or capitalism.

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Within Europe, the movement of families from the countryside to the cities involved half or more of the region's people. Poverty, a rapid growing population, and the displacement of peasant farming and artisan manufacturing had a transformative global impact, temporarily increasing Europe's share of the world's population and scattering Europeans around the world.
European society changed in that mass production of goods made them more available and cheaper. A new middle class of capitalists arose with included merchants, landowners and bankers. This helped develop the free enterprise system or capitalism.

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Another raw material that was exported to Britain was tea.

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India's textile industry was a huge contributor to their economy. India is documented to have dominated the world's textile markets. This industry thrived based off of their access to cheap labor which resulted in high quality but low priced calicoes. The use of the steam power in Britain became a competitor in the textile industry because the steam power made it more effective and efficient which reduced the price of British cotton. The industrial revolution turned India into a source of raw materials for British industries. This hurt India's economy and also resulted in poverty and starvation.

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India's textile industry was a huge contributor to their economy. India is documented to have dominated the world's textile markets. This industry thrived based off of their access to cheap labor which resulted in high quality but low priced calicoes. The use of the steam power in Britain became a competitor in the textile industry because the steam power made it more effective and efficient which reduced the price of British cotton. The industrial revolution turned India into a source of raw materials for British industries. This hurt India's economy and also resulted in poverty and starvation.

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Sakichi Toyoda created the wooden weaving machine that was driven by human power in 1867.

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Umetaro Suzuki created vitamin B1 while trying to discover the cause of the beriberi disease in 1912.

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The Meiji Restoration's goal was to make Japan a European-based empire that could compete in the global world. From 1890-1930 factories were built, infrastructure was built, and the Japanese economy was quickly transitioned. The most prominent focuses was the industrial military. Due to this Japan went to war with Russia for becoming allies with Britain. Japan demolished the Russian navy and shocked the world. Due to the war, Japan was hit hard during the Great Depression.

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Start of the Trans-Siberian railroad. It is the longest single rail system in Russia. It stretches 5,778 miles.

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Ivan Pavlov invented classical conditioning. He is known for his famous experiment of dogs salivating when hearing a sound every time they were about to eat. This occurred in the early 1900s.

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Dmitri Mendeleyev created the Periodic Table of the Elements in 1869

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Russia remained the sole outpost of absolute monarchy, which the state exercise far greater control over individuals and society than anywhere in the Western world. The source for social and economic change in Russia was far more often initiated by the state itself, in its continuing efforts to catch up with the more powerful and innovative states of Europe, compared to the United States. Russia primarily focused on railroads and heavy industry and was fueled by a substantial amount of foreign investment. This contributed to the explosive social outcomes of Russian Industrialization.