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5.	Figure 2 below shows a WSH Policy from BCA Academy, the education and training arm of the Building and Construction Authority (BCA), Singapore. Discuss if the WSH Policy conforms to ISO 45001: 2018 Clause 5.2 requirements. 

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5.	Figure 2 below shows a WSH Policy from BCA Academy, the education and training arm of the Building and Construction Authority (BCA), Singapore. Discuss if the WSH Policy conforms to ISO 45001: 2018 Clause 5.2 requirements. 

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Ensure that all workers are provided with the necessary and sufficient training and supervision so that they can work safely.

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Yes, the WSH does conform to the requirements set by the ISO 45001: 2018 Clause 5.2. This means that by signing the WSH document, a company legally agrees to do the following. This means that the Two standards agree in that the WSH Policy from the BCA Academy follows all the guidelines that are made by the ISO and the international governing scientific bodies.

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The employers must ensure that they mitigate the risks and work hard to remove them if possible. They can do so by following the Hierarchy of Controls to prioritize what they can work toward in order to provide a safe environment. For example, if an employer sees that there is a metal spike left open in the middle of a work site, he can perform the highest level of control which would be, to have it removed. But if that spike was needed in the the site, provide some way that the workers would not get hurt by it, possibly by covering the spike.

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Ensure the work environment is safe

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1.    What is the difference between Risk Management and Risk Assessment?            2.   When should risk assessment be conducted at the workplace and how often should a review of the risk assessment be performed?  

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1.    What is the difference between Risk Management and Risk Assessment?            2.   When should risk assessment be conducted at the workplace and how often should a review of the risk assessment be performed?  

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4.	Risks have to be communicated to workers at the workplace. Explain why this is important in ensuring workplace safety. Based on your knowledge, would there be any other group of people where risk communication is necessary? 

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4.	Risks have to be communicated to workers at the workplace. Explain why this is important in ensuring workplace safety. Based on your knowledge, would there be any other group of people where risk communication is necessary? 

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6.	The Workplace Safety and Health Act (WSHA) covers all workplaces in Singapore. The Act has taken a ‘non-prescriptive’ legislative approach. Explain what the ‘non-prescriptive’ approach stipulated in the Act is. 

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6.	The Workplace Safety and Health Act (WSHA) covers all workplaces in Singapore. The Act has taken a ‘non-prescriptive’ legislative approach. Explain what the ‘non-prescriptive’ approach stipulated in the Act is. 

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7.	Which authority oversees and enforces workplace safety and health performance under the WSHA in Singapore?         8.	List any two subsidiary legislations under WSHA. 

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7.	Which authority oversees and enforces workplace safety and health performance under the WSHA in Singapore?         8.	List any two subsidiary legislations under WSHA. 

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1. Risk management involves the employer and employee where risk assessment is conducted in order to identify and evaluate the hazards in the workplace and implement risk control measures and proper safe work procedures to remove the risk.

Risk assessment identifies the hazards that occur in the workplace and evaluates the hazards and rates them based on their severity, livelihood and risk. This is followed by risk control measures where actions are recommended to avoid and prevent the hazards from being mitigated.

2. A risk assessment should be conducted at a workplace after an accident, when there is a change in the work procedure or processes or if there is a new equipment or material used. A review of the risk assessment should be performed at least once every 3 years.

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7. The Ministry of Manpower is the authority that oversees and enforces workplace safety and health performance under the WSHA in Singapore.

8. The two subsidiary legislations under WSHA are
1) Factories (Registration and Other Services — Fees and Forms) Regulations:
The Factories (Registration and Other Services — Fees and Forms) Regulations were originally made under the 1998 Revised Edition of the Factories Act (Cap. 104). The Act was renamed Workplace Safety and Health Act (Act 7 of 2006) wef 1st March 2006. The Factories (Registration and Other Services — Fees and Forms) Regulations still remain in force until they are revoked.
In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires — “construction worksite” means a factory in which building operations or works of engineering construction are carried on; “shipyard” means a factory in which ships or other floating structures are constructed, reconstructed, repaired, refitted, painted, finished or broken up.
2) Factories (Safety Training Courses) Order:
The occupier of a factory shall ensure that the classes or description of persons employed in the factory set out in the first column of the Schedule attend the safety training courses conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Training and Promotion Centre or other training institutions approved by the Chief Inspector set out opposite thereto in the second column thereof.

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When communicating risks with the workers, they must be aware of what are the risks in doing certain things so they know how they can avoid it. It prevents them from getting any injuries and worst of all, fatalities. When the employer decides to communicate risks, it means he/she is protecting the workers in workplace, which is the right thing to do. Hence, maintaining a safe work environment for everyone.

Risk communication is useful in the following situations:

explaining the chance of a risk impact (probability) and the predictability of the risk impact (stochastic);

outlining the difference between risk (dependent on scenarios) and hazard (found within a specific area);

dealing with fears and uncertainties around POPs related illnesses;

dealing with any long-term effects from the risk and risk management;

improving the overall understanding of risk based terminology and concepts;

delivering an understanding of how risk management decisions will impact lifestyles;

creating a venue where uncertainties can be addressed and questions answered;

improving the transparency and credibility of those implementing the risk management;

dealing with conflicting interests and cultures of the various interested and affected parties.

Risk communications is necessary for construction workers as they are working at a harsh environment with many items such as concrete mixer and cranes etc. It is very dangerous for employee to work at these places as they can easily get injuries or death if any incident happens such as falling off from high places when working at a tall building.

Risks communications is necessary for air force soldiers too. This to prevent and reduce the rate of aviation accident involving poor risk management. Such risks communication might be double checking if the flight displays/controls are rightly set up etc.

For nurses and doctors, it is also highly important that they communicate as they need to be aware of which patients to attend to so that they can take care of them properly, making sure no patients get into unfortunate incidents. Additionally, the nurses/doctors have to be aware of the medical equipment/medicines that they are using for the patients.
In addition, clients or customers looking to buy certain products that can come with risk of use should also be aware of these possibilities of harm so they are able to take the necessary precautions to protect themselves.

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The WSHA is not a legal act under the law. It is regulatory measures enforced into workplaces as a guideline for workplaces to adhere to safety and health precautions.

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Qn 1.
- Team 1 has a good answer as a whole. But i feel slightly more elaboration or explanation could be used. Because of the way they phrase it, it seems like they are saying that risk management does not involve the employer and and employee. And that risk assessment Has to include the employer and employee. This is possibly untrue because there are many ways that the two can be done that may not involve these two parties at all. For example, risk assessment and management can happen in a non-work environment such as a restaurant that has to ensure of the diners' safety which is not a "employer-employee" relationship.

Team 1 could have done more to contrast Risk Assessment and Risk Management rather than just describing the two.

Qn 2. Team 1 has answers this question correctly and has identified when there should be risk assessment conducted

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Your examples are elaborated, however it is too long, which may seem like you have copied and pasted it from elsewhere. This also makes your reader feel bored. (this is not by me btw -matilda)

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1. Adhere to the measures stated in the risk assessment.
2. Report to the supervisors immediately if there is any accident occur.

(Meng Ling)

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Conduct risk assessments to identify hazards and implement effective risk control measures.

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1. Follow safety measures.
2. Attend safety training courses.

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Risk assess all possible hazards in the workplace and find ways to mitigate them to reduce possibility of accidents

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Employees should follow safety and health system such as safe work procedure and safety workplace rules implemented at work.

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Risk assessment is the subset of Risk management and it is part of a risk assessment plan

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Risk assessment is the subset of Risk management and it is part of a risk assessment plan

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Risk assessment should be conducted before the start of any activity at the workplace. It is an on-going process and need constant review

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Develop and implement systems when dealing with emergencies or when hazards occur in the workplace

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Employees should immediately report any accidents or anything that is out of place so that risk can be eliminated as soon as possible.

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Ensure that any risk or hazard present in the workplace is mentioned to all the working staff there.
Ensure that all workers abide to the correct safety protocol.

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To ensure that they review and revise the risk assesment to reduce possible accidents.

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Feedback any possible hazards if seen so that employers can take action quickly

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Employers should ensure that the facilities is of tip-top condition for the employees to use and to repair immediately when the equipments is not of good conditions. Making sure to check the risk assessment once every 3 years.

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Duties of employers:

-Ensure that Risk Assessment is conducted on WSH risks associated with activities in the workplace.

-Take all reasonably practicable steps to eliminate any foreseeable risk to anyone in the workplace. This is to ensure that employer keeps fellow employees and the workplace safe

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1. Require the supplier to conduct risk assessment.
2. Ensure the risk assessment is review and revise at least once in 3 years.

Meng Ling

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The employer has to ensure that risk assessment records are kept for at least three years from risk assessment approval date.

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Employers have to assess the risks posed in the workplace and find appropriate practices to avoid or minimize the risks using the WSH guidelines. They have to communicate these practices to their employees and that they are trained in their specific jobs so that they are aware on how to keep themselves safe.

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Organise ways of working safely such as making sure work areas like machinery and equipment are kept in a safe condition.

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Communication provides awareness to workers on the hazards/ risks of their activities. 

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Communication provides awareness to workers on the hazards/ risks of their activities. 

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share it with those that could be potentially affected by the hazards, e.g. vendors working on site or visitors

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wear proper ppe when in the workplace such when using machineries or equipment

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Ensure that they follow the correct method of operating any dangerous machinery.
Ensure that they wear the correct PPE when working.
Make sure that they know where the potential risk or hazards are.

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ensure they follow the safety rules of operating the machine etc.

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Employers should ensure that workers have sufficient training and supervision. This is so that they would know about the safety measures when using for example, a machinery and it would also prevent accidents from occurring often.

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Ensure that all of the staff are trained to handle machinery or chemicals properly

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Employees should tell ASAP(as soon as possible) when an accident were to happened and to tell the employers about the equipment(s) that is not working properly.

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The above WSH Policy would deem suffice in comforming to the ISO 45001 because:

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The above WSH Policy would deem suffice in comforming to the ISO 45001 because:

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(please use the clauses from the documents to elaborate, for example:
•       Provide safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work-related injury and ill health; .....
....

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Employers can conduct risk assessment to identify the risk hazards. So that they can implement the effective risk controls measures in the workplace.

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It is important that workers are properly trained in their field so that they are familiar with the risks and measures involved in their work. This is important because then they will know how to take care of themselves and those around them. Additionally, workers must comply with the rules and guidelines put on them. For example, if there was the an administrative measure that did not allow them to smoke in a specific area because of flammable gases, they must comply so that the the risk of a fire or explosion will be mitigated.

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Employees have to make sure that they adhere to the safety measures and guidelines for their job and are trained in performing them, as well as being aware of all the possible risks and hazards posed in their workplace.

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Employees should ensure that they are taking the proper measures to keep themselves safe.

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Prescriptive’- what must be done in order to be safe, non-prescriptive is where stakeholders (employers, employees, manufacturers, etc.) are mandated to take ‘reasonably practicable’ measures to safeguard the safety 

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Prescriptive’- what must be done in order to be safe, non-prescriptive is where stakeholders (employers, employees, manufacturers, etc.) are mandated to take ‘reasonably practicable’ measures to safeguard the safety 

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The employees should also ensure that they have taken all the precautions to prevent injury and accidents in workplace. They should also feedback to their eomployers on any possible risk that they might face in the workplace.

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Employees should comply the safety measures that was given by the employers.
Eg. reading a SDS sheet before handling hazardous chemicals.

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Employees should ensure that they are wearing the necessary PPE and to follow the safety precautions

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Employees should put in the effort to pay attention to the risks involved at the workplace and to ensure that they comply to the safety measures so that they will not put themselves in unnecessary danger.

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Employers of staff should ensure that their staff have received the necessary amount of training when handling certain types of machinery or chemicals, as well as conduct risk assessments to ensure that their workers are working in a safe environment, and are able to eliminate certain risks.

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•       WSH (General Provisions) Regulations

•       WSH (First Aid) Regulations

•       WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

•       WSH (Construction) Regulations

•       WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Officers) Regulations

•       WSH (Shipbuilding and Ship-repairing) Regulations

•       WSH (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations

•       WSH (Abrasive Blasting) Regulations

•       WSH (Explosive Powered Tools) Regulations

•       WSH (Confined Spaces) Regulations

•       WSH (Safety and Health Management System and Auditing) Regulations

•       WSH (Noise) Regulations

•       WSH (Medial Examinations) Regulations

•       WSH (Operations of Cranes) Regulations

•       WSH (Scaffolds) Regulations

•       WSH (Incident Reporting) Regulations

•       WSH (Asbestos) Regulations

•       WSH (Working at Height) Regulations

•       WSH (Design for Safety) Regulations

•       WSH (Major Hazard Installations) Regulations

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Employees should be well prepared in terms of education and training in order to ensure their safety and the safety of others on a whole. This means that they are open to taking precaution and safety measures seriously tp avoid as much danger as possible. If they do not engage in safety measures seriously, their risk of danger with become much worse.

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Employees should ensure that they follow the safety measures and wear personal protective equipment (when necessary) when working.

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Employees should take reasonable care for their own safety and health and they should keep a look out for their fellow colleagues too. They should follow instructions given by their employers or following the guidelines. This is to ensure they prevent themselves from getting injuries and unfortunate incidents too such as death.

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employees should follow all safety and health regulations, and ensure that they have the necessary protective equipment in order to reduce damage done in the case of an accident

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Ensure that Risk assessment is conducted.

Take measures to control risk by using the hierarchy of control.

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Employers should develop a risk assessment in the workplace to ensure the safety of their employees. They should also ensure that employees are aware of the proper regulations in the workplace, as well as sending them for necessary trainings needed.

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Employers should ensure that their staff undergo training so that they will be familiar with the equipment used. They should also conduct risk assessments so that the employers are working in a safe environment.

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Ensure that risk assessment is conducted and control the risk by using the hierarchy  of control

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Jolene - Your second example is very well-elaborated and is easy to understand. But I feel your first example elaborations might be a bit too long winded.
Moon - well elaborated, sufficient background on the factories regulations
Team 2 - Why first example says regulation but second example says order? Is there any differences between regulation and order?
Team 2 - Is these legislations released recently or long ago? Maybe you could list out the date that was released, especially for example 2.

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(sorry i needed more space - Moon)

To Sherwane: Risk communication is definitely necessary in all workplaces that have some sort of risk to the staff or workers' health and physical wellbeing. These are just some examples we provided for the sake of elaboration, though I agree with Matthew that it might be too long.

To Haziq: Some examples of products with risk of use also include cleaning products, or certain types of machinery or chemicals that can pose physical harm.

Cleaning products should always come with labels on the packaging to show that they may be irritable to the skin or other warnings so that people are more cautious when using them. Most cleaning products are to be diluted before use so this is more important for the concentrated ones that are not.

As for machinery, the staff and workers using them should have received  the relevant training in order to use them properly. Warning signs should also be placed around any machinery that can pose physical harm, as well as well marked borders so workers will know not to get too close when the machine is in operation.

To Matilda:
Risk communication does not completely ensure workplace safety, of course. However, it does allow for workers to be able to look after their own safety better as they would be aware of these risks. Other measures could be taken by the company to further enhance workplace safety, such as protective equipment, or having certain rules and regulations that must be followed in the workplace. If the risk poses a high threat to the workers, it is still best for the management to eliminate the risk entirely, or substitute it with smaller, less harmful risks in order to keep the workers safe.

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adhere to risk assessments and report  any incident or accident  

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adhere to risk assessments and report  any incident or accident  