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A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type. Soil type is a technical term of soil classification, the science that deals with the systematic categorization of soils. Every soil of the world belongs to a certain soil type.

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Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four important functions:

as a medium for plant growth

as a means of water storage, supply, and purification

as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere

as a habitat for organisms

All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties.

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Clay.

Sandy.

Silty.

Peaty.

Chalky.

Loamy.

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Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals. Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay particles, but become hard, brittle, and non–plastic upon drying or firing.

Since ancient times, clay soil has been used for construction because of its extraordinary properties. Clay can be made into adobe bricks by drying it in the sun or by burning it in the fire. The bricks are then assembled along with mortar, another component made up of clay to build into a house.

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Sandy Soil is light, warm, dry, and tends to be acidic and low in nutrients. Sandy soils are often known as light soils due to their high proportion of sand and little clay (clay weighs more than sand). These soils have quick water drainage and are easy to work with.
Unlike clay soil, it doesn't hold its nutrients, so gardeners must add additional components throughout the season. You can add compost, manure or grass clippings as a start. This can improve your sandy soil.

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Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as soil or as sediment mixed in suspension with water and soil in a body of water such as a river. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body, like mudflows from landslides.
It promotes water retention and air circulation. The black silt soil is good for cultivation, but too much clay can make the soil too stiff for plants to thrive, therefore farmers using silt should ensure proportionate input of sand, silt, and clay," suggests Sudhir Verma, an officer of the agriculture department.

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Done by : K.Sai Sravant