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Some animals rely on smelling as a way to mark their territory. 

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Some animals rely on smelling as a way to mark their territory. 

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Wolves will try to intimidate any outsider by growling and baring their teeth and sometimes even chasing the outsider. 

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Wolves will try to intimidate any outsider by growling and baring their teeth and sometimes even chasing the outsider. 

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Cats mark their territory by patrolling, chin rubbing and urine spraying. They may stalk, chase and ambush a targeted intruder while displaying offensive body postures, including hissing, swatting and growling.

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Cats mark their territory by patrolling, chin rubbing and urine spraying. They may stalk, chase and ambush a targeted intruder while displaying offensive body postures, including hissing, swatting and growling.

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Lions mark their territory by chasing any animals encroaching their turf. 

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Lions mark their territory by chasing any animals encroaching their turf. 

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A niche is a place or position that's particularly appropriate for someone or something, especially due to being very specific and different from others. Niche often refers to a position or interest that allows someone or something to thrive in a particular environment.

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A niche is a place or position that's particularly appropriate for someone or something, especially due to being very specific and different from others. Niche often refers to a position or interest that allows someone or something to thrive in a particular environment.

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An animals’ niche helps species like shark survive because it helps them getting their food. 

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An animals’ niche helps species like shark survive because it helps them getting their food. 

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A rabbit’s niche can help them survive by protecting them from their predators. 

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A rabbit’s niche can help them survive by protecting them from their predators. 

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Courtship displays are a form of communication, enabling birds to signal their willingness to mate. They also give the birds an opportunity to assess their partner. 

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Courtship displays are a form of communication, enabling birds to signal their willingness to mate. They also give the birds an opportunity to assess their partner. 

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A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. 

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A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. 

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A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. 

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A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. 

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Hibernation or “winter sleep” is the state of inactivity or low metabolic process performed by the animals during winters. Aestivation or “summer sleep”, on the other hand, is the low metabolic process by the animals during summers.

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Hibernation or “winter sleep” is the state of inactivity or low metabolic process performed by the animals during winters. Aestivation or “summer sleep”, on the other hand, is the low metabolic process by the animals during summers.

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The cocoon traps moisture and lets in air as the fish estivates. As the metabolism of the lungfish slows, it digests muscle in its tail to consume nutrients and stay alive.

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The cocoon traps moisture and lets in air as the fish estivates. As the metabolism of the lungfish slows, it digests muscle in its tail to consume nutrients and stay alive.

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Bears hibernate during winter, but aren't sleeping the whole time. Hibernation for bears simply means they don't need to eat or drink, and rarely urinate or defecate. 

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Bears hibernate during winter, but aren't sleeping the whole time. Hibernation for bears simply means they don't need to eat or drink, and rarely urinate or defecate. 

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is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behaviour, containing both innate and learned elements.

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is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behaviour, containing both innate and learned elements.

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An example of instinct would be a dog drooling every time it is exposed to food. 

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An example of instinct would be a dog drooling every time it is exposed to food. 

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Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice.

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Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice.

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An example of learned behaviors is when baby ducks learn how to avoid danger and to know what is good to eat.

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An example of learned behaviors is when baby ducks learn how to avoid danger and to know what is good to eat.

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Imprint is a mark made by pressing something onto a softer substance so that its outline is reproduced.

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Imprint is a mark made by pressing something onto a softer substance so that its outline is reproduced.

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Ducklings hear their mother's voice and begin answering as soon as they've formed vocal structures.

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Ducklings hear their mother's voice and begin answering as soon as they've formed vocal structures.

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Classical conditioning is when two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.

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Classical conditioning is when two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.

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An example of classic conditioning would be when people associate items with actions to get their dogs to do something. 

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An example of classic conditioning would be when people associate items with actions to get their dogs to do something. 

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It is a type of learning in which the organism successively tries various responses in a situation, seemingly at random, until one is successful in achieving the goal. It is to try a method, observing if it works, and if it doesn't try a new method. 

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It is a type of learning in which the organism successively tries various responses in a situation, seemingly at random, until one is successful in achieving the goal. It is to try a method, observing if it works, and if it doesn't try a new method. 

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An example of trial and error learning would be moving a large object such as a couch into your house. You first try to move it in through the front door and it gets stuck. Then you try other methods to successfully fit the couch.

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An example of trial and error learning would be moving a large object such as a couch into your house. You first try to move it in through the front door and it gets stuck. Then you try other methods to successfully fit the couch.

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Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated actions. 

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Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated actions. 

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An example of habituation is rock squirrels are a commonly habituated animal in the park. If a person comes close trying to take a picture, the squirrel will scamper away.

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An example of habituation is rock squirrels are a commonly habituated animal in the park. If a person comes close trying to take a picture, the squirrel will scamper away.

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AIDS is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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AIDS is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

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Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics.

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Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching, and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics.

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Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.

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Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.

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Dutch Elm Disease is a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by elm bark beetles. A virulent strain of the fungus that arose in North America in the early 20th century has destroyed the majority of American elms in many areas.

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Dutch Elm Disease is a fungal disease of elm trees that is spread by elm bark beetles. A virulent strain of the fungus that arose in North America in the early 20th century has destroyed the majority of American elms in many areas.

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills. 

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Pfiesteria is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellates that has been associated with harmful algal blooms and fish kills. 

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A keystone specie is a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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A keystone specie is a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

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Removing too many sharks from an eco-system can lead to a monumental shift in the equilibrium between predators and prey all the way through the food chain.

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Removing too many sharks from an eco-system can lead to a monumental shift in the equilibrium between predators and prey all the way through the food chain.

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Without predators, such as wolves, the system fails to support a natural level of biodiversity.

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Without predators, such as wolves, the system fails to support a natural level of biodiversity.

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Grizzly bears regulate healthy populations of the animals they prey on, such as elk and moose, and keep forests healthy by dispersing seeds and berries through their feces.

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Grizzly bears regulate healthy populations of the animals they prey on, such as elk and moose, and keep forests healthy by dispersing seeds and berries through their feces.

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Most animals that migrate do so to find food or more livable conditions. Some animals migrate to breed. 

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Most animals that migrate do so to find food or more livable conditions. Some animals migrate to breed. 

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An example of animals migrating are frogs, frogs and toads often move very short distances to breeding ponds and lakes to lay their eggs. 

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An example of animals migrating are frogs, frogs and toads often move very short distances to breeding ponds and lakes to lay their eggs. 

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Excretion helps organisms control osmotic pressure (the balance between inorganic ions and water) and maintain acid-base balance.

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Excretion helps organisms control osmotic pressure (the balance between inorganic ions and water) and maintain acid-base balance.

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Rabbits excrete two different forms of feces. But rabbits also excrete cecotropes, a softer, wetter fecal matter that they normally reingest directly from their behinds. 

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Rabbits excrete two different forms of feces. But rabbits also excrete cecotropes, a softer, wetter fecal matter that they normally reingest directly from their behinds. 

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Organisms use camouflage to mask their location, identity, and movement. This allows prey to avoid predators, and for predators to sneak up on prey.

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Organisms use camouflage to mask their location, identity, and movement. This allows prey to avoid predators, and for predators to sneak up on prey.

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Geckos possess the ability to camouflage with the colors of their environment, as well as the shapes and vegetation of the forests they inhabit. 

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Geckos possess the ability to camouflage with the colors of their environment, as well as the shapes and vegetation of the forests they inhabit. 

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Unique movements in animals makes activities such as; finding food or escaping predators easier for them. 

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Unique movements in animals makes activities such as; finding food or escaping predators easier for them. 

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The unique movement of a snake would be slithering, slithering helps them to get away from their predators. 

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The unique movement of a snake would be slithering, slithering helps them to get away from their predators. 

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Carrying capacity is the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

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Carrying capacity is the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

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Food is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because if there is not enough food to feed all of the organisms they’re eventually would start dying due to the lack of nutrients.

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Food is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because if there is not enough food to feed all of the organisms they’re eventually would start dying due to the lack of nutrients.

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Space is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because it can limit the number of shelters from weather and predators, it can limit resources, it can even limit whether new individuals will fit.

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Space is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because it can limit the number of shelters from weather and predators, it can limit resources, it can even limit whether new individuals will fit.

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Oxygen is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because all living beings need oxygen in order to survive. 

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Oxygen is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because all living beings need oxygen in order to survive. 

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Water is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because all living beings need water to survive, since water's role as a solvent helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients. 

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Water is a one of the limiting factors that contribute to the amount of organisms that live in a place because all living beings need water to survive, since water's role as a solvent helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients. 

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Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.

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Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.

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This relationship benefits both of these species because the greenish-brown algae live on the spiders back, which helps the spider crab blend into the shallow areas of the ocean floor where they live. In return, the algae benefit from a good place to live.

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This relationship benefits both of these species because the greenish-brown algae live on the spiders back, which helps the spider crab blend into the shallow areas of the ocean floor where they live. In return, the algae benefit from a good place to live.

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Paratisims the practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism.

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Paratisims the practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism.

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Blood flukes, or schistosomes, are parasitic flatworms that can live inside people for decades, and they make a rather gruesome journey to get there.

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Blood flukes, or schistosomes, are parasitic flatworms that can live inside people for decades, and they make a rather gruesome journey to get there.

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Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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The best-known example of predation involve carnivorous interactions, in which one animal consumes another. 

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The best-known example of predation involve carnivorous interactions, in which one animal consumes another. 

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Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss

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Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss

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An example of competition among animals could be the case of cheetahs and lions; since both species feed on similar prey. 

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An example of competition among animals could be the case of cheetahs and lions; since both species feed on similar prey. 

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One of the things animals compete over is food.

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One of the things animals compete over is food.

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One of the things animals may compete over is their territory.

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One of the things animals may compete over is their territory.

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Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

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An example of commensalism tree frogs use plants as protection.

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An example of commensalism tree frogs use plants as protection.

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Producers / Autotrophs: Algae & Water Weed Primary Consumers / Herbivores: Prawn, Carp, Fly and Slug. 
Secondary Consumers: Trout, Dragonfly, Turtle, Kingfisher, Frog. 
Tertiary Consumers: Kingfisher, Snake and Frog. 
Top Level Consumers: Kingfisher and Snake.

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Producers / Autotrophs: Algae & Water Weed Primary Consumers / Herbivores: Prawn, Carp, Fly and Slug. 
Secondary Consumers: Trout, Dragonfly, Turtle, Kingfisher, Frog. 
Tertiary Consumers: Kingfisher, Snake and Frog. 
Top Level Consumers: Kingfisher and Snake.

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Decomposers are very small, often single-celled organisms. Examples: fungi (mushrooms or mold) and bacteria 

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Decomposers are very small, often single-celled organisms. Examples: fungi (mushrooms or mold) and bacteria 

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Fungi is an example of decomposers because they feed on decaying organic matter and return nutrients to the soil for plants to use.

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Fungi is an example of decomposers because they feed on decaying organic matter and return nutrients to the soil for plants to use.

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In nature, molds are decomposers to recycle nature's organic wastes.

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In nature, molds are decomposers to recycle nature's organic wastes.

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Detritivores also help speed up the decomposition process 
Examples: worms, slugs, pillbug, mite, slug, flies, cockroaches, maggots, dung beetles 

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Detritivores also help speed up the decomposition process 
Examples: worms, slugs, pillbug, mite, slug, flies, cockroaches, maggots, dung beetles 

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Slugs are an example of Detritivores because Slugs eat dead plants and mushrooms. In return, they actually provide gardens with a boost of nutrients after eating all the decaying matter.

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Slugs are an example of Detritivores because Slugs eat dead plants and mushrooms. In return, they actually provide gardens with a boost of nutrients after eating all the decaying matter.

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Maggots are an example of detritivores because they ingest dead organic matter thereby contributing to the decomposition process. 

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Maggots are an example of detritivores because they ingest dead organic matter thereby contributing to the decomposition process. 

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Scavengers consume larger organisms and break them down into smaller bits which helps with decomposition. 
Examples: vultures, jackals, hyenas, crabs, seagulls, coyote, shrimp, and raccoons. 

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Scavengers consume larger organisms and break them down into smaller bits which helps with decomposition. 
Examples: vultures, jackals, hyenas, crabs, seagulls, coyote, shrimp, and raccoons. 

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Developed shrimp are scavengers, crawling on the ocean floor eating organic matter for shrimp nutrition.

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Developed shrimp are scavengers, crawling on the ocean floor eating organic matter for shrimp nutrition.

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Raccoons play an important role in maintaining ecosystem health. They are scavengers and will happily feed on carrion. 

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Raccoons play an important role in maintaining ecosystem health. They are scavengers and will happily feed on carrion. 