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Liverpool, England

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Who made the money?

Many stakeholders benefited from the cotton economy — plantation owners in the South, banks in the North, shipping merchants, and the textile industry in Great Britain. Cotton transformed the United States, making fertile land in the Deep South, from Georgia to Texas, extraordinarily valuable.

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Cost/profit-

In 1800, prior to the invention of the cotton gin, cotton sold for 37 cents per pound.

Annual business revenue stimulated by cotton in the U.S. economy exceeds $120 billion, making cotton America's number one value-added crop. The farm value of U.S. cotton and cottonseed production is approximately $5 billion

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- Ships to Europe

Steamboats moved down the river transporting cotton grown on plantations along the river and throughout the South to the port at New Orleans. From there, the bulk of American cotton went to Liverpool, England, where it was sold to British manufacturers who ran the cotton mills in Manchester and elsewhere.

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- Canals, from Midwest to East

The two most important canals were the Ohio & Erie Canal completed in 1833 linking Cleveland, Columbus, and the Ohio River, and the Wabash & Erie Canal completed in 1853 linking Toledo to Evansville.

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Conditions-

Cotton mills had bad air, which caused chest diseases, coughs, blood-spitting, hard breathing, pains in chest, and insomnia. Workers usually toiled extremely long hours, six days a week.

Pay-

In the 1830s, the Lowell Mill Girls organized strikes to protest wage reductions; these women were some of the earliest examples of labor- reform movements.

All the girls in the carding and spinning room were paid the same. The young men who were pieces on mules and card strippers were paid $4 to $4.50 per week. The weaving in a cotton mill was done by older girls and women, who ran four looms and averaged $1 per loom a week.

Employees-

The immigrants working in these mills were more like migrants, responding to a combination of push and pull – pushed out of their old homes by economic decline, overcrowding, crop failures, or political repression, and pulled to the mill towns by jobs and the promise of better lives. The first migrants to come to the mills were native-born, rural Yankees.

Young women were the primary labor force in the textile industry, though children often were employed in mills, too.

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There were national roads, canals, and the railroads. The Erie canal linked farms in the West to markets in the East. The Illinois and Michigan canal was another canal made to connect The Mississippi river to the great lakes and the Gulf of Mexico.

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Slaves and the whites but the whites have different jobs. The whites were getting paid to watch the slaves do the hard labor.

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Destination 2- Harvest and Technology used

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Destination 2- Harvest and Technology used

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The cotton gin. It was made in 1794. It sped the process of removing seeds from cotton. It was wood covered in small hooks turned behind mesh. The mesh was large enough for cotton to go through but not large enough for seeds. This cotton was picked and processed by slaves.

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Began switching from sustenance farming to commercial farming. Farmers were mainly growing crops in the South. The balck belt was a strip of rich soil to grow cotton from primarily the Carolina and Georgia “Alabama Fever''. Black belt served as the core of rapidly expanding plantation areas.

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Destination 5- How was cotton used in factories in the North: 

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Destination 5- How was cotton used in factories in the North: 

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Cotton was the backbone of the US economy in the nineteenth century: northern textile mills spun it into cloth for sale, southern planters sold it to Europe and purchased manufactured goods in turn, and New York speculators loaned money for the purchase of land and slaves.

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Destination 5- Technology used in Cotton Factories:   

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Destination 5- Technology used in Cotton Factories:   

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The first major innovation in the Market Revolution was Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin in 1793. ... The cotton gin revolutionized cotton harvesting by separating the cotton seeds and fibers automatically—it allowed one slave to produce fifty pounds of cotton in one day.