# data[].attributes.body
Trenyce

Eugene (2000900G)

Xi Lynn (2000694F)
Loh Xue Li (2001029D)

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
(Mahabharata Performance: Wayang Kulit Jawa: Arjuna Slays a Giant, 2009) 

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang kulit performance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mahabharata Performance_ Wayang Kulit Jawa_ Arjuna Slays a Giant - YouTube - Google Chrome 2021-11-18 22-13-57_Trim

# data[].attributes.body
Intangible Cultural Heritage

Developed before the 10th century, the form had origins in the thalubomalata, the leather puppets of southern India.

The art of shadow puppetry probably spread to Java with the spread of Hinduism which is a form of stimulus and expansion diffusion from India. The layer of culture involved was Indian influences, when the Gods Hinduism were accepted in India.

They are usually viewed on important occasions and ceremonies. It has compelling storylines executed masterfully by the Dhalang, or the puppeteer. These puppets are made of buffalo hide and it has intricate designs with its detailed costumes and colour.

It is greatly influence by ancient stories, mystical mantras and topical commentary. The play are usually set in mythological times and dramatised episodes from Hindu epics ( Ramayana and mahabharata) Some plays are of Javanese creation, being elaborations of the legend of the five heroic Pandava brothers. The performance goes all night for eight to nine hours from midnight till dawn

Acculturation : Integration, it is sharing and spreading the culture whereby society becomes 'richer' in culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang kulit is used as a medium when cultural expansion and stimulus diffusion is brought to Java, where stories are told to the public through art and performance.

In the 930 a.d, due to economic factors of trading in Southeast Asia has introduced and helped bring in the spread of Hinduism in Java. after years of flourishing Hindu traditions, Islam spread to Java and began to significantly influence the people however, the strong Hindu tradition of wayang kulit still remained.

# data[].attributes.headline
PRODUCERS, CONSUMER & CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

# data[].attributes.subject
PRODUCERS, CONSUMER & CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

# data[].attributes.body
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCES:
Used as a medium for entertainment, guidance, and the order of the society. The wayang is used to depict the balance between good and evil, and also expresses the importance of respect, duty, and loyalty.
The Wayang kulit combines deep spiritual meaning, entertainment, and storytelling, extraordinarily musical, philosophy, political commentary, and humor. This art form presents a significant side of the Java culture through shadow puppetry.

CONSUMER SIGNIFICANCES:
In the local context, the wayang kulit still plays a part as a tradition and prestigious form of art in Indonesia. This can be seen in how tourism (Indonesia) still performs the Wayang kulit for international audiences.
Due to its popularity in Indonesia, the wayang kulit has influenced other parts of the world such as China, India, and turkey. due to its popularity in Java.

# data[].attributes.body
For producer significance, the puppetry is performed by the 'dalang', which is also known as the master puppeteer, together with a group of musicians and female and male singers, to perform for the Wayang Kulit performance.

The 'dalang' is a puppet master, a storyteller through manipulates shadow puppets behind linen canvas with light and shadow. In addition, it needs to know and interpret literature in puppet making and movement, in singing and directing music in the performance

They play a significance in the transmission of cultural knowledge used in both ceremonial and secular contexts.

# data[].attributes.body
Different types of wayang puppets start to form while keeping some key traits of their original art form, integration of influences can also be seen on tangible aspects of this art form such as materials used to craft, appearances, and how its performed.

The first influence is stimulus diffusion of how different regions of Java 'integrate' their traditions and culture into the puppetry arts. And also, external cultural influences also help shape Wayang art and performance in Indonesia.

In 2003, these wayang puppets has been notably recognized by UNESCO as an intangible heritage of humanity. The Indonesian authorities are also required to make conservation efforts to ensure the wayang kulit is recognized and passed down to generations.

-Wayang Kulit
-Wayang beber
-Wayang klitik
-Wayang golek
-Wayang Topeng
-Wayang wong

# data[].attributes.body
The Wayang Kulit is made with the use of leather materials and is carefully chiseled with fine tools, supported with meticulously shared buffalo horn handles and control rods. The puppet is also finished with beautiful hues, including gold.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wajangfiguur van perkament voorstellende Gatot Kaca TMnr 8-273.jpg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nederlands: Schaduwfiguur. Wajangfiguur van perkament voorstellende Gatot Kaca

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang Beber is a performance that is told using scroll painting with a storyline, accompanied with musical instruments. First, emerge in the 10th CE, it was drawn on leaves using black and white tones. The art form is influenced by acculturation by the symbols of Hinduism-Buddhism. The significance of the performance has also evolved from a ritual aspect to entertainment.

The threats that cause a recede in popularity is mainly due to Islamic kingdom policies on forbidding pictures representing living and spells in the performance. In addition, poverty, chaos, and civil war have also caused the art form to be dying by 19th to 20th CE. Under postmodernization, with more conservation efforts by the new order Indonesia to encourage the revival of wayang beber around the end of 20th CE.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/Time

Thumbnail

Dimensions

User

Comment

current
08:40, 23 March 2016
1,920 × 1,268 (775 KB)

Bertramz

{{Information |Description ={{en|1=Wayang beber Gedompol, picture roll 5, scene 3. Final fight in alun-alun in Kediri. Tawang Alun kills Klana.}} {{de|1=Wayang beber Gedompol, 5. Bildrolle, 3. Szene}} |Source =Kant-Achilles, Wayang Beber |Au...

Global file usage

The following other wikis use this file:

Usage on de.wikipedia.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment current 08:40, 23 March 2016 1,920 × 1,268 (775 KB) Bertramz {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Wayang beber Gedompol, picture roll 5, scene 3. Final fight in alun-alun in Kediri.

# data[].attributes.body
Originated from eastern java.

The wayang klitik is similar to the wayang kulit. However thin pieces of wood are used instead of leather and they are smaller in size. Unlike the resistance from breakage of the wayang kulit, this is more susceptible to breakage during battle scenes performance due to the material.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Wayang Kelitik pop Menak Jingga voorstellende TMnr 2255-6.jpg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nederlands: Wajangpop. Wayang Kelitik pop, Menak Jingga voorstellende

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang golek is a 3-dimensional wooden puppet controlled with a wooden rod that connects the puppet from the body to the head. The construction of this type of puppet contributes to the expressiveness and aptitude of imitating human dances.

it is believed to be originated from China and arrived in Java around the 17th CE, through relocation diffusion. Apart from external influences, the oldest traditions also come from the North Coast of Java(pasisir region). Under Chinese and Muslim influences, expansion diffusion spread to the east and South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Houten wajangpop voorstellende Draupadi TMnr 4283-70.jpg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Er zijn verschillende soorten wajang: Wayang Kulit & Gedhog: platte leren poppen die tegen een scherm gespeeld worden. Wayang Golek; Tengul & Cepak: ronde houten poppen die op een open toneel gespeeld worden Wayang Klitik of Krucil: platte houten poppen die op een open toneel gespeeld worden Wayang Topeng: gemaskerde dansvoorstellingen Wayang Wong: ongemaskerde dansvoorstellingen Wayang Beber: prenten die op een rol getekend zijn en waarbij telkens een nieuwe afbeelding wordt getoond.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a type of theatrical performance infused with classical Javanese and Balinese dance, with storylines taken from the popular Hindu culture-Ramayana.

The performance is played by actors, instead of puppets, which this type is also widely known as 'human wayang. The actors imitate the movements of puppets in traditional puppetry performances.

Some of the conservation efforts for this can be seen in Jakarta. Where the Jakarta city government invested funds in the Bharata theatre for renovation in the 2000s, where the stage is utilized to perform for the public.

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang Kulit performances in Java were crafted from native stories and local language(from Sanskrit to Javanese). In addition, Javanese developed the performances differences in terms of style and composition, and it also experienced a change in the puppets' appearance.

It was proved that animism in Indonesia had inspired the puppet arts, while animism believes that all-natural phenomena and inanimate objects have a soul or spirit that energizes them.

In general, Wayang Kuilt grew and became mature in Java.

# data[].attributes.body
Wayang kulit spread through maritime trade alongside Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam through Relocation Diffusion. It morphed over time to suit the religious, social, and political climates of each country.

An example of Stimulus Diffusion occurs as Muslim practitioners added new “clown-servant” characters to weave mystical, Islamic elements (and humorous and philosophical interludes) into otherwise Hindu stories.

# data[].attributes.body
Puppets need not necessarily be of ancient stories or mythlogy. This example shows how it is changed to the context of modernisation. this was suppose to be inspired by Star Wars and this is the Stormtrooper.

This example was used to reconnect Southeast Asian youth with the traditional art of wayang kulit. A year later, as the company Fusion Wayang Kulit, they developed a twenty minute wayang kulit adaptation of George Lucas’ film Star Wars: A New Hope called Peperangan Bintang. The project was born out of a shared interest in American science fiction and traditional Southeast Asian art.

CHALLENGE

However, Wayang Puppet Theatre is experiencing the loss of characteristics as the performers modify the show according to the trends and preferences of youth to attract the audience.

# data[].attributes.body
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018, August 1). wayang | Indonesian theatre. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/art/wayang

Mahabharata Performance: Wayang Kulit Jawa: Arjuna Slays a Giant. (2009, November 29). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Of7ViIM9Wwc

Mohan, K. R. (n.d.). Wayang Kulit: Indonesia’s Extraordinary Shadow Puppetry Tradition. Asia Society. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://asiasociety.org/new-york/wayang-kulit-indonesias-extraordinary-shadow-puppetry-tradition

Wayang puppet theatre. (n.d.). UNESCO. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/wayang-puppet-theatre-00063

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Wayang Kulit, an Indonesian form of shadow puppetry, holds the audience's attention with riveting storylines executed masterfully by the dhalang, or puppeteer. The puppets are made of buffalo hide and intricately designed, down to the most minute detail of costume and color, to help the audience distinguish between the different characters.

The dhalang tells the stories of kings, princesses, ogres, and knights, using deft hand movement and narration. While traditional performances used cotton sheets and oil lamps to create the play of light, electric bulbs or other sources of light are used today. Many of the plots draw from episodes seen in the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Wayang Kulit was declared a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2003.

In advance of Asia Society's presentation of wayang kulit on Saturday, we spoke to Rachel Cooper, Asia Society's director of Global Performing Arts and Special Cultural Initiatives, about this unique art form.
How popular is Wayang Kulit as an art form today? Has the form had an influence beyond Indonesia?
Shadow puppetry has been popular in various parts of the world, including China, India, and Turkey, but it has reached an extraordinary level in Java. It is usually performed in an eight to nine hour performance that goes all night.

Wayang kulit combines deep spiritual meaning, entertaining storytelling, extraordinary musicality (both in the gamelan and vocals), deep philosophical messages, current political commentary, and bawdy humor. It is one of the most complete art forms, with everything in the hands of the dhalang. A good dhalang is indeed a celebrity who commands a high fee and can perform in front of audiences as large as 6 or 7,000 people.
What are some of the distinctive features of a performance that differentiate it from other forms of puppetry?
Javanese shadow puppetry involves distinctive puppets that are art works in themselves. The gamelan orchestra is comprised of between 20 and 40 musicians and is made up of bronze instruments - gongs, metalaphones, strings, and vocals. It is one of the great art forms as it combines ancient stories, mystical mantras, and topical commentary.

In 2012, Asia Society presented a wayang kulit performance by Ki Purbo Asmoro. Click here to watch part one of this performance, and here for part two. In the below clip, the wayang kulit features an appearance by none other than Barack Obama who, of course, spent part of his childhood in Indonesia.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Wayang Kulit: Indonesia's Extraordinary Shadow Puppetry Tradition

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Asia Society's Rachel Cooper explains what makes the ancient Javanese art form so unique.