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Facilitating the Participation of All Student's using Skinner's Approach

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Facilitating the Participation of All Student's using Skinner's Approach

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According to Operant Conditioning, the teacher can set standard consequences for refusing to participate.

The child will respond to negative associations with this type of behavior.

As a result, they will follow the rules in place to avoid the consequences.

Alternatively, rather than calling out this problem behavior, the teacher can focus positive attention on the students who are actively participating.

Give positive reinforcement to the children who are participating

Use a reward system to provide an incentive for active participation

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Encouraging Participation with Watson's Theory

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Encouraging Participation with Watson's Theory

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Watson claimed that the external environment is the most important influence in a child's behavior. With this in mind, in order to encourage participation in the classroom the teacher should:

Create a positive and engaging environment that inspires all children to take part

Positively reinforce those who follow the rules with verbal praise or physical rewards like stickers

Ignore negative actions in order to avoid them being repeated

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Controlling Physical Behavior Issues Using Skinner's Theory

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Controlling Physical Behavior Issues Using Skinner's Theory

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Since this behavior can be dangerous and students can be seriously harmed by physical violence, the teacher can use negative consequences such as:

Time Outs

Missing Recess

Detentions

Loss of Other Privileges

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Dealing with Inappropriate Physical Behavior According to Watson's Theory

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Dealing with Inappropriate Physical Behavior According to Watson's Theory

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Although Watson's approach says not drawing attention to negative behavior will stop it from recurring, physical violence is dangerous to ignore. Instead, teachers can:

Avoid turning the attention of the entire class towards the behavior

Take the children involved aside and deal with it in a separate space

Use strict consequences to deter it from happening again

To foster a positive environment, teachers can enforce the idea of:

Dealing with emotions with words rather than physically

Creating a safe space where students can express their feelings verbally to classmates and teachers

Reward students who correctly handle emotions and problems without resorting to physical means

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The child may use these forms of aggressive behavior to solve problems.

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The child may distance themselves from classmates during certain or all activities and refuse to take part. They do not want to follow the teacher's instructions and other codes of conduct. The child may be disinterested in the task and unable to control their emotions in order to maintain their behavior as expected.

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Appropriate Response to Tantrums & Meltdowns Using Watson's Theory 

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Appropriate Response to Tantrums & Meltdowns Using Watson's Theory 

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Using Watson's approach of Classical Conditioning the educator can recondition how children react and self regulate.

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Managing Tantrums & Meltdowns with Skinner's Theory of Positive Reinforcement-Operant Conditioning 

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Managing Tantrums & Meltdowns with Skinner's Theory of Positive Reinforcement-Operant Conditioning 

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Toddler tantrums and meltdowns are a normal part of their development that often stem from lack of language skills.  Using attention to improve toddler behavior can be particularly effective. Positive attention is about noticing what your child is doing and letting him know that you’re pleased. This can be done through:

Praise

Encouragement

Physical Affection or Gestures

Active Listening

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A reaction to feeling overwhelmed, this crying fit has no goal and will continue without an audience.

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Usually driven by a want or a goal, or perhaps checking to see if a parent/teacher is paying attention to behavior, a tantrums are often fits of crying.

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Lack of self-regulation can lead to the child acting out in order to get attention or out of boredom. The child may act out by:

Not following rules

Refusing to Participate

Emotional Outbursts

Trouble Focusing

Not Finishing Tasks

Distracting Others

Talking/Walking Around During Lessons

Overall Disruptive Behavior

This behavior is detrimental to other students and the overall learning environment. It takes away from the learning of all involved.

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Skinner’s Operant Conditioning: Rewards & Punishments

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Created the Theory of Operant Conditioning

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Known as the founder of Behaviorism

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Behaviorism is the theory that we can study psychology by observing actions from an objective point of view.

This can be broken down into two forms of conditioning:

Operant Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

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The child can not self-regulate which leads to impulse control and unpredictable behavior. The child may act out by doing one or more of the following:

Hitting

Pushing or Shoving

Biting

Kicking

Climbing on Things

Running Away

Grabbing Toys

These actions may be inflicted on oneself, someone else or something in the classroom environment such as furniture, books, and toys.

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The child can not self-regulate emotions which leads to the following:

Emotionally Reactive

Meltdowns

Tantrums

Outbursts

Extensive Crying

Temperamental

Withdrawn

Anxious

Depressed

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Inability to Self-Regulate Against Forms of Aggressive Behavior

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Inability to Self-Regulate Against Forms of Aggressive Behavior