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MDMA's Effects on Serotonin, Dopamine and Norepinephrine. MDMA increases levels of these neurotransmitters within the synapse by enhancing their release from nerve endings and/or inhibiting their reuptake.

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"Overdose" refers to taking a higher than appropriate does of a medicine or drug which CAN HAPPEN with MDMA, but is extremely rare. It is more likely that problem would occur as a result of MDMA use with contraindicated medications.

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What symptoms would a person have from taking the drug at a poisonous level? 

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What symptoms would a person have from taking the drug at a poisonous level? 

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Dehydration, swelling of the brain, muscle breakdown, electrolyte imbalances. & organ failure

. High blood pressure, faintness, panic attacks and in severe cases a loss of consciousness and seizures

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MDMA IS NOT LEGAL

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https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/ecstasy-mdma-addiction/ecstasy-and-mdma-overdose/

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-does-mdma-do-to-the-brain-63096

https://www.mentalhelp.net/substance-abuse/ecstasy/overdose/

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/4-conditions-that-ecstasy-may-help-treat#Anxiety

https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/mdma-ecstasymolly

https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/mdma-ecstasy-abuse/what-are-mdmas-effects-on-brain#:~:text=MDMA's%20Effects%20on%20Serotonin%2C%20Dopamine,and%2For%20inhibiting%20their%20reuptake.

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Almost 60% of people who use MDMA report withdrawal symptoms, including fatigue, loss of appetite, depressed feelings and trouble concentrating

Research has shown that MDMA can damage serotonin - containing neurons, which may lead to long- lasting mood changes as well as potentially affecting attention, memory, and other cognitive functions.

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Are there any researched based health benefits to using the drug? If so, what are they? 

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Are there any researched based health benefits to using the drug? If so, what are they? 

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Currently MDMA is still a schedule 1 narcotic according to the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA). That means that it’s considered to have “no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse”

It's in a possible trial to treat PTSD and they have said they expect approval from the FDA by 2021. It may be able to help solve any cause of social anxiety

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Is there a cure/reversal/treatment of an overdose? 

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Is there a cure/reversal/treatment of an overdose? 

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how would someone who is overdosing on this be treated?

Effective ecstasy overdose treatment takes place in a hospital emergency room where trained medical staff provides a continuum of care, starting with treatments of acute physical reactions.

is there an antidote? If so, what is it?

Dehydration and concomitant organ failure are often a part of ecstasy overdose, treatment to reduce body temperature and rehydrate are typical first steps. Anti - nausea medication is often provided along with sedatives to reduce withdrawal symptoms

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How much time does the drug stay in your body?include time in blood, urine, hair, etc.

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How much time does the drug stay in your body?include time in blood, urine, hair, etc.

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People who use ecstasy generally feel these effects within 45 minutes of use and may feel them for up to 6 hrs
- An increase in energy, euphoria, increase in sociability, sexual arousal, increased feelings of empathy and closeness
Urine : MDMA may be detectable in urine for up to three days. And in certain people, up to five days.
Blood : MDMA can be found in your blood up to two days after last use
Saliva : MDMA is detectable for up to two days and up to three days with heavy useHair : Unlike other test, these generally miss MDMA after the first week, hair follicle tests can detect MDMA for up to 90 days

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How much can you ingest before the drug toxicity level becomes poisonous (deadly)?

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How much can you ingest before the drug toxicity level becomes poisonous (deadly)?

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According to experts, the typical recreational dose of ecstasy ranges from 50 to 150 mg and users will typically consume 1-2 tablets over the course of the evening. Some people will take up to ten pills at a time; this is when the drug can lead to toxic effects.

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How does it alter/change brain activity/responses? 

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How does it alter/change brain activity/responses? 

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- MDMA is known to suppress activity in the amygdala, a part of the brain is responsible for fear and anxiety
-When someone takes MDMA, it causes serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine to be released from their neuron storage sites.
-This results in an increase in neurotransmitter activity in the brain. The release of excessive amounts of these neurotransmitters by drug use can cause the brain to become depleted of these chemical messengers with many negative consequences.

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How does the drug interact with the brain?

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How does the drug interact with the brain?

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MDMA's Effects on Serotonin, Dopamine and Norepinephrine. MDMA increases levels of these neurotransmitters within the synapse by enhancing their release from nerve endings and/or inhibiting their reuptake.

MDMA affects the brain by increasing the activity of at least three neurotransmitters (the chemical messengers of brain cells): serotonin,89,90 dopamine, and norepinephrine.91 Like other amphetamines, MDMA enhances release of these neurotransmitters 89–92 and/or blocks their reuptake,93,94 resulting in increased neurotransmitter levels within the synaptic cleft (the space between the neurons at a synapse).

MDMA causes greater release of serotonin and norepinephrine than of dopamine.91 Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep, pain, appetite, and other behaviors. The excess release of serotonin by MDMA likely causes the mood-elevating effects people experience.

However, by releasing large amounts of serotonin, MDMA causes the brain to become significantly depleted of this important neurotransmitter, contributing to the negative psychological aftereffects that people may experience for several days after taking MDMA. 95,96

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What is the chemical structure of the drug? (insert a picture of it)

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What is the chemical structure of the drug? (insert a picture of it)

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Chemical Structure is :  C₁₁H₁₅NO₂

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What is the scientific name of the drug and what are other common names of the drug?

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What is the scientific name of the drug and what are other common names of the drug?

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Drug Name : MDMA ( Ecstasy)

Scientific Name : Methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine

Other Common Names for MDMa :  3,4-MDMA; Ecstasy (E, X, XTC); Molly; Mandy; Pingers/Pingas