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America Espinosa

Maddie Burlton

Catherine Welch

Monique Hernandez

Wes Jones

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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Malcolm X, Black Panther Party, and other alternative civil rights movement approaches.

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Malcolm X, Black Panther Party, and other alternative civil rights movement approaches.

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The Black Panther Party, founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, was based on ideas such as black nationalism and a staunch belief in the necessity of violence and armed self-defence in order to obtain freedom from white oppression – ideas which are strongly associated with Malcolm X’s life work.

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in Little Rock, Arkansas in the fall of 1957. Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School. Central High was an all white school. The 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. tokipa made segregation in public schools illegal.

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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President Truman's Desegregation of the Armed Forces

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The order stated that "It  is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality  of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard  to race, color, religion, or national origin."
-America Espinosa

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is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United
States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.It was signed into law by
President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the American Civil Rights
Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections.Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act allowed for a mass enfranchisement of racial minorities throughout the country,especially in the South. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, the Act is considered to be the most effective piece of civil rights legislation ever enacted in the country.

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March on Washington and Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech

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March on Washington and Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech

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"I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, the speech was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement

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Plessy attempted  to sit in an all-white railroad car.

After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car,

Plessy was arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana statute

that provided for segregated “separate but equal” railroad accommodations.

Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute.
- Maria Casares

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

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written in response to a public statement of concern and caution issued by eight white religious leaders of the South. It stands as one of the classic documents of the civil-rights movement.

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enacted July 2, 1964) is a landmark piece of civil rights
legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin.It ended unequal application of
voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the
workplace and by facilities that served the general public (known as
"public accommodations"). - Catherine Welch

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On May 17, 1954, the Court unanimously ruled that "separate but equal" public schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional. The Brown case served as a catalyst for the modern civil rights movement, inspiring education reform everywhere and forming the legal means of challenging segregation in all areas of society.

-America Espinosa

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Freedom Summer

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Freedom Summer was a nonviolent effort by civil rights activists to integrate Mississippi's segregated political system during 1964.began late in 1963 when the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) decided to recruit several hundred northern college students, mostly white, to work in Mississippi during the summer. This helped African Americans help vote and get them involved with things they could not recieve or do befor

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After Rosa Parks being aresstend there was a three month period of protesting that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.

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Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
- Maria Casares