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Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismographs. The recording they make is called a seismogram. The seismograph has a base that sets firmly in the ground, and a heavy weigh that hangs free. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the seismograph shakes too, but the hanging weight does not. Instead the spring or string that it is hanging from absorbs all the movement. The difference in position between the shaking part of the seismograph and the motionless part is what is recorded.

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an instrumentally documented magnitude occurred on May 22, 1960 near Valdivia, in southern Chile. It was assigned a magnitude of 9.5 by the United States Geological Survey. It is referred to as the "Great Chilean Earthquake" and the "1960 Valdivia Earthquake".

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with hazard poses the most serious intermediate term risk  to the health, safety, and economic viability of many parts of the  United States and throughout the world. Recent earthquakes demonstrated  the risks to modern industrial societies from such cataclysmic events,  affecting everything from massive loss of life, infrastructure damage,  and financial instability. Much larger earthquakes can be expected  to occur adjacent to many metropolitan regions in the United States.

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along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates.

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when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault.

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a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.