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Professional Perspective
This presentation is for individuals who work in higher education and with student organizations.  In an effort to be inclusive and non- discriminatory, schools sometimes violate expression association which is tied to the First Amendment.  Additionally, there is a growing intolerance of Christian, conservative values on school campuses and, as a professional within the student affairs realm at a graduate school, it is important to understand current issues and laws to provide students guidance and/or to be an advocate for students.  This topic was chosen for its relevance in today's society.

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Interview
Dr. Moore believes freedom of speech is pertinent because this is a reoccurring theme that is resurfacing.  She believes the UNT Health Science Center has not had any issues of this kind because student groups and advisers are educated on school policies and laws.  Additionally, they receive training yearly to keep them informed should changes arise.
Best Practices
*training of students on student organizations and laws pertaining to freedom of speech
*a yearly review of student organization's bylaws ensuring student organization's bylaws have no discriminating language
*keep abreast of legislative changes and make necessary changes to school policies
Rising Issue
The issue of freedom of speech is a recurring theme and is a topic that is finding its way into higher education more frequently.  In September, the Texas legislature in Senate Bill 18 reaffirmed the freedom of expression within college circles.  It suggested schools allow for robust and uninhibited debate on and off campus.  This is of utmost importance because this is foundational to education.
(L. Moore, personal communication, December 6, 2019).
Profile:  https://www.unthsc.edu/students/division-of-student-affairs-executive-team/

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Professional Association
This website includes blogs, articles on current issues, and tips on how to serve students better as student affairs professionals.  This link has a blog addressing an intolerance of Christian values and how students are impacted among college campuses.
https://www.naspa.org/blog/are-religious-intolerance-and-discrimination-becoming-more-common-critical-conversations-11

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Current News Article
Jewish students celebrating Yom Ha'atzmaut at San Francisco State University were disrupted by protesters.  The protesters were loud,  aggressive, and have been threatening making Jewish students feel unsafe.  Administration agreed that students acted in a way to infringe university rules but did nothing to address the behavior.  This has gotten the attention of state legislators who want something done for the behavior to stop.  The university fails to do enough to stop this unacceptable behavior.
*intolerance of conservative values
*schools not doing enough to stop the infringement of First Amendment rights
Bauer-Wolf, J. (2017, June). The bias that a college ignores?  Inside Higher Ed.  Retrieved from
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/06/29/lawsuit-highlights-jewish-students-frustrations-san-francisco-state

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Current News Articles
In March of 2019, President Trump issued an executive order that calls for colleges and universities to allow for freedom of speech on their campus or risk losing federal funding.  Many of his supporters applaud his actions because they argue higher education institutions have drowned out conservative voices to the more liberal perspectives.  David Harris, president of Union College, makes the bold statement he disagrees with this decision, but makes the important point that the benefit from freedom of speech comes from dialogue and not from merely making a statement of one's beliefs and walking away.  He goes on to say that through constructive engagement, freedom of speech is enhanced.
*freedom of speech is at the forefront including in legislative circles
*colleges and universities are discussing this topic on their campuses
Harris, D. R., (2019, March 25).  A campus is not the place for free speech.  Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/03/25/president-explains-why-he-opposes-free-speech-campuses-opinion

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Constitutional Law
The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution is the basis for expressive association.  It gives freedom to individuals to hold certain beliefs and values.
U.S. Const. amend. I.

https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm#amendments

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Judicial Law
Southern Illinois University (SIU) revoked Christian Legal Society's (CLS) organization status claiming the group was discriminating against homosexuals.  The Supreme Court reversed the lower courts' ruling and had SIU restore CLS’s status as a student organization stating SIU cannot violate the group's expressive association or freedom to gather and express ideas.  Further, changing CLS's beliefs would be changing the reason they exist.
(Christian Legal Society, 2006).  Reference:  Christian Legal Society v. Walker, 453 F.3d 853 (7 th Cir 2006).
Retrieved from

https://1-next-westlaw-com.easydb.angelo.edu/Document/I1fb528b70ff211dbb3be92e40de4b42f/View/FullText.html?navigationPath=Search%2Fv1%2Fresults%2Fnavigation%2Fi0ad62aee0000016ec3634e9ebfbcc265%3FNav%3DCASE%26fragmentIdentifier%3DI1fb528b70ff211dbb3be92e40de4b42f%26parentRank%3D0%26startIndex%3D1%26contextData%3D%2528sc.Search%2529%26transitionType%3DSearchItem&listSource=Search&listPageSource=b8d91a5592e45f807d49778ef70d1893&list=ALL&rank=1&sessionScopeId=b522aa848a778557f5c9071796d451948feab36173304aa1dc19acb9b7511a93&originationContext=Search%20Result&transitionType=SearchItem&contextData=%28sc.Search%29

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Judicial Law
This case was significant in the 2006 CLS v. Walker case to show that organizations and groups have a right to adhere to certain beliefs, expressive association, and the government (school) shall not intervene or force activity to violate their First Amendment right of freedom of expression.  The Boy Scouts as well as CLS adhere to certain beliefs that give them their identity, and no one has the right to encroach upon their beliefs.
(Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 2000).

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640, 120 S.Ct. 2446 (2000).
Retrieved from
https://1-next-westlaw-com.easydb.angelo.edu/Document/Ibde402a69c2511d9bc61beebb95be672/View/FullText.html?navigationPath=Search%2Fv1%2Fresults%2Fnavigation%2Fi0ad62aee0000016ec382e1ebbfbcce75%3FNav%3DCASE%26fragmentIdentifier%3DIbde402a69c2511d9bc61beebb95be672%26parentRank%3D0%26startIndex%3D1%26contextData%3D%2528sc.Search%2529%26transitionType%3DSearchItem&listSource=Search&listPageSource=5468c8874c16493f9d8f6a8ba05209f7&list=ALL&rank=1&sessionScopeId=b522aa848a778557f5c9071796d451948feab36173304aa1dc19acb9b7511a93&originationContext=Search%20Result&transitionType=SearchItem&contextData=%28sc.Search%29

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Statutory Law
Colleges and universities must recognize student organizations, provide funding, and protect students' right of expressive activities.  Schools shall offer protection for said activities as long as they are not deemed unlawful or disrupt the institution.  Schools shall establish policies detailing students' rights, establish disciplinary actions, and grievance procedures.  Further the institution will not deny a student organization based on political, religious, philosophical, ideological, or academic viewpoints.
(Tex. Educ. Code § 51.9315) Retrieved from
https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.51.htm#51.9315

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Local Administrative Law
Policy Rule
The UNT Health Science Center affirms freedom of expression and public assembly for all persons and encourages all registered student organizations to become familiar with the policy to be compliant.
This policy was recently updated to be compliant with President Trump's executive order on free speech and Senate Bill 18.
(UNTHSC Student Handbook, 2019).
Reference:  UNTHSC.  (2019, September). Student Handbook, Registered Student Organization, Expectations of RSOs.  Retrieved from
https://unthsc.policytech.com/dotNet/documents/?docid=518&public=true

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ACPA Ethical Principle
Principle 2.16 under Section 2 Learning and Development addresses the important point of educating students on ethical standards, responsibilities and codes of the profession.
This principle addresses a key point: educate.  It appears many are forgetting the meaning of the First Amendment and how it protects each individual not just those with mainstream  perspectives. Educating students minimizing incidents of non-compliance.
ACPA College Student Educators International.  (n.d.).  Statement of Ethical Principles & Standards.
Retrieved December 8, 2019, from
https://www.myacpa.org/sites/default/files/Ethical_Principles_Standards.pdf

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Non-Law Source
This site is a great resource for individuals who want to learn more about their rights as a student or faculty member on a school campus.  They provide information on how to pursue recourse for violations to the First Amendment and offer services to defend students' and faculty members' rights.  As a student affairs professional, one must know how to help students and provide them with resources.
Campus rights:  What we defend.  (n.d.) Retrieved from
https://www.thefire.org/about-us/campus-rights/?gclid=CjwKCAiA27LvBRB0EiwAPc8XWS47mxZFpKPb6V9wO5Uwp2lO5vI6pVxOW1_mQwnBNG9FOF-WBqunhxoCfQEQAvD_BwE

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Recommendation for Best Practices for Compliance
* Establish policies for freedom of speech that comply with federal and state laws
* Educate students on policies and laws pertaining to freedom of speech and student organizations
* Train students and advisers on how to run student organizations yearly
*Do yearly reviews of student organization's bylaws
*Provide a school environment that promotes healthy discourses on topics with differing ideas to create constructive engagement
*Inform students of available resources for recourse
*Promote a value-based campus with acceptance and respect of all student groups
The most important principle all should adopt is respect for others.  If all would adhere to this principle, many issues would be non-existent.