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a market where factors of production are bought and sold.

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the marketplace where final goods or services are sold to businesses and the public sector. Focusing on the sale of finished goods, it does not include trading in raw or other intermediate materials.

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the part of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.

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the part of economics concerned with single factors and the effects of individual decisions.

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the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy. 

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the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a country that controls either the interest rate payable on very short-term borrowing or the money supply, often targeting inflation or the interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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a compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.

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an income tax system where the same percentage of tax is levied on all taxpayers, regardless of their income

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a tax that imposes a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with a higher income, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay.

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 a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases. "Regressive" describes a distribution effect on income or expenditure, referring to the way the rate progresses from high to low, so that the average tax rate exceeds the marginal tax rate.

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a tax on sales or on the receipts from sales

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any duty on manufactured goods which is levied at the moment of manufacture, rather than at sale.

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tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annual tax on personal income

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 often referred to as the Federal Reserve or simply "the Fed," is the central bank of the United States

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the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

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the proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower, typically expressed as an annual percentage of the loan outstanding.

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the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated

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is a low turning point or a local minimum of a business cycle.

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the highest point between the end of an economic expansion and the start of a contraction in a business cycle

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the phase of the business cycle where real GDP grows for two or more consecutive quarters, moving from a trough to a peak.

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 refers to a phase of the business cycle in which the economy as a whole is in decline.

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 a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies

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 a business cycle contraction when there is a general decline in economic activity

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a cycle or series of cycles of economic expansion and contraction.