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Type of Life Cycle: The life cycle of the Yellow Fever Virus is a lysogenic cycle. It spreads through three transmission cycles. Urban, sylvatic, and intermediate.

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Yellow fever is a serious, potentially deadly flu-like disease caused by a virus by the same name.  The Yellow fever virus.

(Close up of Yellow fever virus)

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Yellow fever arose in Africa and was brought out to devastating effect to the western hemisphere during the time of the slave trade; first reports of the epidemic were in 1648 in the Yucatan peninsula when slave owners started noticing that their slaves were turning yellow.  The virus would run rampant among South America and Africa for centuries to follow.

(Cases of Yellow fever in Africa)

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The characteristics and symptoms of an infected individual are initially headaches, muscle aches, joint pains, chills and fevers.  Later and more fatal symptoms include strong abdominal pain, vomiting (occasionally with blood), heart problems, seizures, delirium and bleeding from the nose, mouth, and eyes.

The most notable feature out of all of these, however, is the bearing of jaundice on the infected, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.  This “yellow” is where the Yellow Fever dawned its name.

(Jaundice of the eye due to Yellow fever)

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Treatments:  As of now, there are still no known treatments for Yellow fever.  People who survive the infection recover gradually over a period of several weeks to months; however, during this time a person may experience fatigue and jaundice.

Vaccinations:  A highly effective vaccine exists to prevent yellow fever.  One single dose of the yellow fever vaccine (also know as YF-Vax) provides protection for at least 10 years. Side effects are usually mild, lasting five to 10 days.

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Yellow fever is much like malaria in how it is spread.  Yellow fever is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito onto other targets.  The mosquito is the perfect host organism for the Yellow Fever virus because it is immune to the symptoms/effects it causes, and  it commonly attacks humans.

(Mosquito caring Yellow fever)

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The yellow fever virus is transmitted primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito (Aedes/Haemagogus). Mosquitos contract the virus by feeding on infected primates (human or non-human). Then they transmit and pass around the virus to other primates or livestock that are not infected.  It cannot be spread person to person by direct contact or through the air.

(Diagram of how Yellow fever is spread)

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Staples, Erin. J. (2019, October 8) Yellow Fever: 100 Years of Discovery. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/182442

Story, Colleen. (2016, January 12) Yellow Fever.

https://www.healthline.com/health/yellow-fever#symptoms

McGuinness, Ian. (2017, May 10) An Overview of Yellow Fever Virus Disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613873/

(2019, October 15) What is yellow fever?

https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/yellow-fever.html

(2013, May 8) Yellow fever.

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/yellow-feve

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- The yellow fever virus has been active since the 1940s and is still active today

- A small proportion of patients who contract the virus develop severe symptoms and approximately half of those die within 7 to 10 days.

- 50% of people contract the more-severe form of the yellow fever, which causes heart, liver and kidney problems, die of the disease.

- The Yellow fever virus is a flavivirus that has a 400 year history.

(Other facts about Yellow fever)