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1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?
a) Student Learning Support-Resources are important because they can significantly increase student achievement by supporting student learning. For example, a worksheet may provide a student with important opportunities to practice a new skill gained in class. This process aids in the learning process by allowing the student to explore the knowledge independently as well as providing repetition. Learning materials, regardless of what kind, all have some function in student learning.
b)Lesson Structure-Resources can also add important structure to lesson planning and the delivery of instruction. Particularly in lower grades, resources act as a guide for both teacher and student. They can provide a valuable routine.

c) Differentiation of Instruction-Resources can assist teachers the differentiation of instruction. Differentiation of instruction is the tailoring of lessons and instruction to the different learning styles and capacities within our classroom. Resources such as worksheets, group activity instructions, games, or homework assignments all allow teachers to best activate each individual student's learning style.

2. What kind of resources that you think are best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?

Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.
· The size-It is a must that the resources are big enough to be seen by the farthest students in the classroom. Consider also the font size and font style to be use.

· The color- Students are more interested to those resources which are colorful and beautiful. Mostly students are more attracted to bright colors because it is easily catch the students’ attention and facilitate learning process.

· The durability- Resources are not made for one session only they must last if possible until lifetime so that it can be reused. It can stand for longer duration of time. · The economy- If possible, we should use the cheaper things or produce our own materials so that it is not a burden on our part.

· The portability-Resources must be easy to handle and carry so that it is more convenient for our part to catty it wherever we teach. · The relativity- It must be related to the topic or lesson so that student will understand the subject better.

· The uniqueness- Students want to have things which makes them curious about it. Resources should allow them to manipulate the material to learn through their own.

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1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

It is important to select and make effective use of teaching and learning resources, including textbooks, to enhance student learning. Educators need to select, adapt and develop resources to support students’ learning. Effective use of resources will help students to strengthen what they have learned, extend and construct knowledge for themselves and develop learning strategies and skills for learning. All resources need to be developed to meet the different needs and abilities of students. Proper use of resources can make teaching and learning more effective, dynamic and interesting.

2. What kinds of resources that you think are best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?Discuss

the features of good resources from your point of view.

For me, it would be best to use visual resources in teaching English language to the pupils. As English is a second language to our pupils, it is hard for them to acquire the language without any assistant of pictures, videos or any other visual resources. Learning new language with the guidance of picture or visual resources develop faster and last longer understanding because learners can see and save the visual they see along with the language usage better. Moreover learning environment will be more lively and interesting when the learners are able to see what they are trying to learn and gain. Based on my opinion, features of good resources must consider all of these criteria. First, they should be in line with the Learning Outcomes in the Syllabus, take students’ prior knowledge into account. Other than that it must helps to present concepts and ideas in an active and effective way, engage students actively in learning, provide knowledge but also scaffold learning. They should provide for students’ differences by offering varied learning activities at different levels of difficulty. Last but not least it should facilitate discussion and enquiry.

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1. Teaching uses traditional teaching methodology such as chalk and talk is no longer relevant in nowadays education system. Teacher need to keep up their pace in the development of education by making sure all the resources used to facilitate learning is up to date and cater the pupil's need of learning. Using variety of resources spice up the learning and help pupils to learn better! If the teacher manage to provide resources that can stimulate all their senses, it would be a bonus! this is because young learner learn best if all their senses involve in learning which can facilitate their brain cell to connect faster and thus cause them to learn and understand much faster. In ESL primary classroom especially, it is best if teacher can provide authentic material such as brochure or pamphlet to give exposure of english language usage.

2. Good resources facilitate pupils learning. be it interesting or nicely done, what most important is, it should be practical and relevant. it doesn't have to be big or pricey as long as it manage to facilitate teacher and pupils to achieve the learning objective. A good resources is when it manage to provide stimulus and encourage higher order thinking skills.

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1) For me, educators need to develop resources and materials because the pupils’ needs are

different to each other. So, to be a good facilitator to our children, we need to provide the resources which can occupy the needs of the pupils. Some of them enjoy music, some loves to move and there are also pupils who are fast learners. Therefore, in order to provide an effective teaching and learning, teacher should develop the resources so that they would be interesting and assessable to all pupils in the classroom. Developing resources also is a must in the aspect of integrating pupils with the various skills. As what we know, for English language, children have more skills to be mastered which are listening, speaking, writing and reading. Therefore, teacher needs to be very creative in developing the resources to help the pupils to develop their language skills. For example, in the aspect of listening, teacher could provide them with the authentic material such songs, poem and it also could be cartoon movie which would attract their attention cause they would prefer to learn in the interesting and fun ways. When the resources are developed well matched to the pupils proficiency level and basic needs, the TnL would run smoothly and the objective of the lesson could be fully achieved.

2) In my opinion, the features of the resources that are the best to be used in an ESL classroom are first it should provide the maximum opportunities for pupils to learn. The resources should be appropriate to the pupils’ level of proficiency in order to increase their understanding and involvement in the TnL. When they participate activity in the lesson, they will learn a lot more. The resources also must be interesting and attractive enough to gain their attention to be engaged and also motivate them to learn more and more during the lesson. The resources should be varied and wide for pupils to be exposed to the current issues and upgrade their knowledge.

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1) Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

From my point of view, educators need to develop resources and use them in the TnL because we can almost say that resources are crucial in every lesson. It goes back to the purpose of using resources which is to attract the attention of the students. It is in human nature to like something unique, special or different compared to others. Holding to that principle, educators absolutely have to find ways to create lessons which are as outstanding as possible. Using resources such as textbooks are very basic because every other educators use textbooks in their lesson. That makes you no different from the rest of the educators thus, your lesson cannot be classified as special or outstanding. The students have seen the textbooks for the entire day, what makes you think that they will remember your particular lesson compared to the other educators'? Apart from that, developing resources and using them in TnL can help to build the idea of curiosity and excitement in the students as they will have to wait for the next lesson to know what the teacher has prepared for them. Aside from helping in building a long-term memory for the students, the lesson will be much more effective when the students are excited and motivated to take part in the activities prepared. In short, developing resources and using them in TnL aids in helping the students to realize that learning can be as much fun as playing.

2) What kind of resources that you think are best used in an ESL Primary Classroom? Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.

From my point of view, each and every one of the resources is as good as the others as long as it can serve the students’ needs. The purpose of using resources in the lesson is to aid the students in their learning process. So, good resources should at least serve the purpose. As an example, visual aids such as pictures and flash cards are good resources for the normal students as they can clearly see the things being depicted by the teacher but, would it be as good as that, when it is used with the students who are partially sighted or having difficulties with their sight? Of course not, because it does not serve the purpose which is to aid them in their learning. Aside from that, I personally think that hands-on materials are the best to be used in the lesson as they can encourage eye-hand coordination as well as extend the students’ attention span. Compared to the visual aids which are focusing on the students as a whole group, hands-on materials are better as the students can personally experience the lesson. They will learn better when they themselves experience it.

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Question 1

Educator needs to develop the resources because they know what is best for their pupils. Textbook is good resource because it was designed to achieve the learning standard but the problem is not all pupils have the same level of proficiency. It does not mean that everything in the textbook is suit to the pupils. So in order to overcome this problem, create resources that suit with the pupils level is far more better. Furthermore, pupils will get bored if they have to use the textbook every day. So use something else rather than just using the textbook. For example, create big book and do the reading aloud instead of do the reading from the textbook. It will give different excitement to the pupils and can make them engage with the lesson. Resources also can be used as a tool to determine what kind of educator you are. Good educator creates good resources. Using task sheet everyday does not show that you a good educator. Lastly, keep surprising the pupils with our creative resources so they cannot wait to have class for the next day.

Question 2

The best resources that can be used in  an ESL Primary Classroom are the resources that can involve the pupils. From my experience, the pupils are more interested to follow the lesson if they can take part while the teacher try to explain something using the resources. They can understand better if they can see, hear or touch. “I hear and I forget. I see then I remember. I do and I understand” is a Chinese proverb that applies to teach somebody about something. In my opinion, the resources can be categorized as good if the pupils can see and touch, hear and touch or all of it.

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Wan Nur Damia Izzati Binti Wan Mohd Izani

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Wan Nur Damia Izzati Binti Wan Mohd Izani

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1)  Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

As an educator, I think we need to develop the resources and use them in our TnL because they can give a clear view to the pupils about what they are going to learn. They will have better understanding in the learning and this also can avoid confusion among the pupils. The use of variety of resources also can attract their attention and interest as they may feel curious with the learning that day and they will try to attend all the activities prepared by the teacher. This is because the young learners have high level of curiosity when they see or experience new things. They like to learn something new in their lives. Therefore, if teacher can prepare different resources for every teaching and learning process, the pupils can learn to the maximum and have the effective learning.

2)  What kind of resources that you think is best used in an ESL Primary Classroom? Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.

From my opinion, teacher should know the features of the good resources that are best used in the class. Hence, before selecting any resources, teacher must study their pupils well by analyzing what resources can make their pupils study better. If the pupils love to use the videos or songs in their learning, teacher can maximize the use of those resources and make their pupils study in a fun way. Besides, the resources also must suit with the pupils’ proficiency level. If the resources too hard, the pupils may have hard time to follow and understand the lesson but if it is too easy, the pupils will lose their interest in learning and start not paying attention to the lesson.

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1)  Educators need to develop the resources as it is the alternative for them to deliver their lesson. Instead of just giving lecture or explaining all the time, the resources chosen could be the tool to supply the knowledge. Resources can help to support the teaching and learning by giving clear idea about the information. For example, to teach the students about fruits, the teacher can prepare flash cards showing the picture of the fruits. It will be much easier for them to imagine how the fruits look like by looking at the picture. Besides, resources can act as a tool to attract students’ interest. Without resources, the lesson would become dull and boring. Extra credit should be given if the resources are interesting and effective as it could help to motivate the students to learn. This may help in extending the attention span of the students. Besides, resources could be used as a source of homework or extra exercise for the students. The educators could check their students understanding by having suitable resources.

2)  The best kind of resources to be used in an ESL Primary Classroom is digital resources. In line with current era where technology is being used worldwide, resources that using ICT are much effective especially to make the learning more interactive. Digital resources such as video clips, animation or slide demonstration can attract students’ interest and at the same time enhance their understanding of the language content.

In my point of view, good resources are resources that suit students’ proficiency level. The resources should not go beyond or too low from their level therefore it could facilitate students’ language development. Another feature includes the content of the resources. Is it suitable and relevant to the students’ background or not? Teachers should ask themselves to see whether the content provided could really facilitate students’ understanding. The content also must not be offensive to certain students. Other than that, the resources should be practical enough to be used to the students. Sometime teacher builds a wonderful materials but it is complicated for the students to complete. Therefore, it is better to make the resources practically possible so that it is usable with the classroom situation.

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1. In order to ensure that pupils give their full attention in classroom, a teacher should not only restrict him/herself to typical resources like textbooks or exercise books. Fun and interesting resources like pictures, games or realia can easily catch pupils’ attention as they feel curious and want
to further know what they can learn from those materials. Thus, the activities prepared in the textbooks or exercise books might not be suitable for all pupils' levels in the classroom. When a teacher develops their own resources, it will make it easier for them to help both the slow and advance learners in the classroom. This is important as the activity that is too easy or hard will distract the pupils in learning for some reasons. In some cases, it might also demotivate them to further focusing in class.

2. In my opinion, the best resources that can be used in an ESL Primary Classroom is the resources that can be seen visually. As we can see, children are always interested in something new, interesting and they have never seen it before. Visual resources like videos, pictures, puppets and so on will definitely attract their attention to stay focus in lesson. It is crucial to have pupils' attention as it will help the teacher to make the lesson more interactive and run smoothly without any distraction. Thus, some pupils also learn better if they see something rather than just read or listen to it. For example, if the teacher wants to teach the features of a frog, it is best for them to show the actual frog to the pupils while pointing the things they are learning. This is more interesting than just sitting in the classroom and listen to the teacher's explanation about the frog without seeing the actual thing. Moreover, some pupils have a restricted imagination where they cannot see beyond normal lecture or words unless they see it themselves the real thing.

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Wong Siew Chen

1. Indubitably, if teaching and learning process is limited to only assigned textbook and workbook, it may constrain students from further understanding, enhancing or even expanding their subject knowledge. Developing resources definitely would help teachers to enrich learning content as well as delivery process by providing a variety to the form of knowledge. Furthermore, well developed resources can arouse pupils' interest and curiosity towards the lesson, besides allowing for adaption to meet individual needs related to students' ability levels, learning styles and multiple intelligence. Last but not least, students' learning substantially depends on the creativity of teachers in designing resources to consolidate the delivery of content,

2. I am all in favour of the resources that can contribute to fun learning and successfully gain pupils' participation and involvement during the lesson. Undoubtedly, the use of ICT or multimedia resources is effective in teaching-learning process due to its interactive nature whereby students' active responses and instant feedback from teacher are required. Apart from that, students also learn best with teaching resources that stimulate all their five senses as well as higher order thinking skills.

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Muhamad Farhan Firdaus bin Hamzah 124765

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Muhamad Farhan Firdaus bin Hamzah 124765

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1 : Developing resources might be the best way of creating a resources for teaching because it can tally with all the requirement needed for that particular teaching session. The reason for saying that is because resources found in the net usually needed for some adjustment because they sometime suits with the syllabus and sometimes they are missing out on some important factor that should be there. As for that, developing resources can be the solution for this type of problem. We create, analyze and also make some adjustment to what being developed. The adjustment would be easy because the resources built by us so that, we understand the resources the most.

2 : The best resources from my point of view is the resources that can be manipulated in many ways. This will give variety in teaching activity. The resources can be used in many ways. If the implemented one seems to be less effective, we can manipulate it into another activity. This can create a teacher with versatility.

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1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

Nowadays, as we can see in a classroom, a lesson with a good use of resources seems to be attractive and able to keeps pupils’ focus. It is normally that pupils have short attention span, therefore with the use of resources and materials, the teacher can move from traditional style of teaching, instead the use of blackboard with something that can grasp students’ interest and increase their understanding.

Some input cannot be understood by pupils only by using a normal lecture, therefore through the use of resources, the teacher can vary the ways to make pupils understand what the teacher is going to teach.

Interactive materials are also suitable to use as resources in teaching and learning as they can provide medium for pupils to interact to each other. They can discuss and share opinions and thoughts. We can see that this way of learning provide opportunity for the pupils to be responsible for their own learning. However, before a learning resource is used in a classroom, it must be evaluated and approved at either the provincial or local level. Evaluation criteria may include curriculum fit, social considerations, and age or developmental appropriateness.

2. What kind of resources that you think is best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?

In my opinion, the best kind of resources to be used in a classroom is video. This is because video provides pupils audio (something to listen to) and audio (something to look at). Both elements are important for students learning. Videotape recorders can be used in a number of different ways to enhance teaching in both large groups (lectures) and small groups. It makes video images easier to use in the classroom, since individual clips can be immediately accessed without searching through a length of tape.
Video also acts as a medium to show complex sequences of events. Animated diagrammatic representations of complex events can be slowed and deconstructed.

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In my opinion I think educators need to develop resources because we have learned that there are factors affecting the pedagogical principles for teaching materials such as age, interest, background and so on. Thus, it is important that a teacher takes those factors into considerations to develop their resources. Having considered those factors, a teacher can develop its material by maximizing its potential so that it can involve more than merely two senses namely "Visual" and "Audio". Great developed resources will enable pupils to utilize all the senses and create a longer memory retention.

There are many kind of resources we could use in the classroom ranging from traditional to modern ICT materials. So, instead of cracking your mind in deciding the type of material, I personally think that involving both modern and traditional resources will make the classroom more lively and learning more interesting. Say, you can play a video in the presentation part and ask pupils to form a group to construct a simple GO, or simply pasting the photos into its relevant category. So, for me, the best resources would be using video clips and pictures. Then we can top up with some other hands on traditional materials to maximize pupils senses.

I think the features of good resources are those that allow pupils to involve most of their senses, for example, movement, visual, hearing, spatial , and other Multiple Intelligence elements we have learned. Above all, it should be fun and authentic so that pupils will not feel that they are actually in a learning environment.

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1) Developing resources is essential for us (educators) because it plays an important role as a tool or aid to help us in our teaching and learning process. Since teaching and learning is an ongoing process of gaining information, knowledge and experience, it is crucial that we as educators keeps ourselves up-to-date on new research on how children learn, emerging technology tools for the classroom, new curriculum resources, and more.  It is important to create or came out with an up to date resources which is fresh and new for the students to learn especially those which is related with the current issues or trends. We also should take into consideration of every aspect of the children's interest, connected to and derived from working with students and understanding their culture so that the children will value the resources and make full use of them during the teaching and learning.

2) The kind of resources that is best used in a primary esl classroom is the one that provides students with the least but continuous knowledge. As we all know, students at a primary classroom hardly absorbed too many input at a time. Therefore, they need a lot of exercise to make them learn and use or implement the input in the activity or their daily routine. For example if the teacher wants to teach about preposition, teacher must not came out with a bunch of 8 preposition in one lesson but instead divide it into 2 or 3 session depending on the students proficiency level.

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1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

From my opinion, a teacher is nothing without something to teach. That something comes from a subject matter with a background. This teaching matter comes from resources that create the bulk of understanding surrounding the particular subject. Therefore, a teacher is helped greatly by the resources that back them up. Resources can support student learning and increase student success. Ideally, resources will be tailored to the content in which they're being used, to the students in whose class they are being used, and the teacher. Resources come in many shapes and sizes, but they all have in common the ability to support student learning. Using resources in teaching can help the students to understand the content of our teaching and thus help the teacher to deliver the content of the lesson. Using resources will help both of the teacher and the students in teaching and learning process. Other than that, resources can also help in reducing the time consumes for the students to understand the lesson.

2. What kind of resources that you think is best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?

Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.

Resources come in a lot of shapes and sizes, but they all have in common the ability to support student learning. Based on my experience, the kind of resources that are best used for the primary ESL students depend on many factors. These factors are depending on the students and the environment of the classroom where we will carry out or teaching. As a teacher, we need to know each of our students. Knowing their background, their level of proficiency and the student’s ability will definitely help us in adapting the best resources for our students.

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1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

Resources is the tools that help the pupils to understand well the lesson the teacher is conveying. In additionally, it helps the teacher to test whether the students have improved their understanding of the given subject. Effective use of resources will help students to consolidate what they have learned, extend and construct knowledge for themselves and develop learning strategies and skills for learning.

It is essential for us as an educator to select and make effective use of learning and teaching resources to enhance pupils learning. As educator, we need to select, adapt and develop resources to support pupil’s learning. Effective use of resources will help the pupils to associate what they have learned. There are many teaching and learning resources that can be used by the educator. The used of these resources can help the pupils to learn and widen their learning experiences. All these resources need to adapt to ensure that it can meet the pupil’s needs and abilities.

Without resources, the whole teaching process could be very boring, and there would be no information that backs up the topic that teacher teaches. Resources might also provide the questions that follow the current stage of the syllabus, and an in-depth understanding of the subject material.

2. What kind of resources that you think are best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?

Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.

Best resource that can be used in an ESL Primary Classroom is by using visual enhancement. By using visual enhancement, it can visually enhanced reading materials which may result the contribution of pupil’s learning experiences.

Illustration is one of the examples of visual element. Illustrations with vivid colors and details allow pupils' imaginations to travel to other times and places (Diamond & Moore, 1995). By using the visual details of an environment, it may help the pupils to get a better understanding of the context of the reading materials and many more.

Illustration also can provide meaningful information where by using illustration, pupils can convey their opinion toward the illustration that shown to them. In addition, illustration also can be the medium for the pupils to describe something. Thus, it can help the pupils in term of communication skills and thinking skills.

Illustrations also can assist struggling readers by providing indicators in the story line to help them anticipate and predict the content of the text. This can improve their comprehension with visual information that can be more accurately interpreted than language-based information. Besides, it also supporting their ability to recall and retell the story. Many pupils can remember illustrated information for a long time than text-based information.

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1) Based on my opinion, resources play a great role as it can help teacher to implement his or her teaching in excellent state especially when explaining abstract input. Apart from that, resources can help teacher to get and grasp pupils' attention to follow our instruction and learning. For example, authentic or real things that we use as resources in our teaching such as animal and something that pupils like and love will help us to implement our teaching better.

2) From my experience

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Dear students,
to get a text box, you just need to click on the background of the Padlet.
Then continue writing your responses in the text box. Answer all the questions.

1. Why do you think we (educators) need to develop resources and use them in our TnL?

2. What kind of resources that you think are best used in an ESL Primary Classroom?

Discuss the features of good resources from your point of view.