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看一看，理解古代四大发明

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看一看，理解古代四大发明

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我认为造纸术的发明对人类文明最有帮助。因为纸张是人们学习、生活的必需品，而且知识对我们很有帮助。人们在古代时没有手机和电脑，只能靠纸和笔来传达信息。所以，我认为造纸术的发明对人类最有帮助。

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1. 一位名叫汉弗莱·戴维的英国人向英国皇家学会展示了一盏电灯，这盏灯在两根木炭棒之间产生了一种令人目眩的电火花。这种灯类似于一种焊炬，因为太亮了，不能用于家庭和企业。该设备还需要高功率源，这将极为迅速地耗尽电池电量。

2. 美国律师约翰·J·劳德于1888年10月30日发明笔，当时他尝试制作一个可以在普通钢笔无法使用的粗糙平面（如木头、厚包装纸）上书写的工具。劳德的原型笔笔头上嵌有一个颗可滚动的微型钢珠，虽然可以在粗糙的表面如皮革上写字，但反而造成在普通纸张上书写的效果不佳，墨水出水不均匀、有漏水和堵塞现象。由于没有商业上的可行性，劳德最后亦没有再继续开发此一专利。

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我喜欢中国发明了活字印刷。因为大大促进了知识的传播。

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1.混凝土
2.巧克力

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我喜欢中国发明了活字印刷。因为大大促进了知识的传播。

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一位名叫汉弗莱·戴维的英国人向英国皇家学会展示了一盏电灯，这盏灯在两根木炭棒之间产生了一种令人目眩的电火花。这种灯类似于一种焊炬，因为太亮了，不能用于家庭和企业。该设备还需要高功率源，这将极为迅速地耗尽电池电量。

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我认为发明纸是最有帮助的。因为我们可以容易的写字，不用在竹子写字。

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造纸和指南针

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青霉素（penicillin)作用：治疗感染
电脑图（electroencephalogram)

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我认为轮子是最有帮助的发明因为能帮人容易地把东西移到一边，比背东西多方便

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Benjamin Franklin
他是一个美国的总统，发明了壁垒证！
Da Vinci
他发明了最早的跳伞

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我认为造纸的发明对人类文明最有帮忙。因为造纸让我们比较容易记录东西和学习。

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1939 年 8 月，世界上第一架喷气式飞机 Heinkel He 178 的涡轮喷气发动机首飞。 存在多种不同类型的喷气式飞机，用于民用和军用目的。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinkel_He_178

第一枚可以飞得足够高进入太空的火箭是 V2 导弹，它于 1942 年由德国首次发射。后来开始了太空竞赛，并导致了第一批登上月球的人。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11

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The Heinkel He 178 was an experimental aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Heinkel. It was the world's first aircraft to fly using the thrust from a turbojet engine.

The He 178 was developed to test the jet propulsion concept devised by the German engineer Hans von Ohain during the mid-1930s. Having secured the industrial support of Ernst Heinkel, von Ohain was able to demonstrate a working turbojet engine, the Heinkel HeS 1, in September 1937. Heinkel pursued development of the He 178 as a private venture, independent of the German authorities and the Luftwaffe, keeping the aircraft relatively secret for much of its development. Heinkel was keen not only to demonstrate the capabilities of aviation gas turbines, but had a separate emphasis on developing high-speed flight technologies.

On 27 August 1939, the He 178 V1, the first prototype, performed its maiden flight, piloted by Erich Warsitz. This flight, which only lasted for six minutes, had been preceded by a short hop by the same aircraft three days prior. Due to its performance limitations, such as a maximum speed of 598 kilometres per hour (372 mph) and its relatively small endurance, the aircraft failed to impress high-ranking Nazi officials such as Ernst Udet and Erhard Milch, who attended a demonstration flight. Heinkel subsequently developed a twin-engined jet-powered fighter aircraft, building on the lessons of the He 178, to produce the He 280. The He 178 provided valuable test data to guide the development of subsequent jet-powered aircraft. The He 178 V1 prototype itself went on static display in Berlin for a time before it was destroyed by an Allied air raid on the city in 1943.

In 1935, Hans von Ohain, a young German engineer, successfully took out a patent on the use of the exhaust from a gas turbine as a means of propulsion. Von Ohain presented his idea to the aeronautical engineer Ernst Heinkel, who was sufficiently impressed that he agreed to help develop the concept. This industrial support would prove highly beneficial to von Ohain's work. According to New Scientist, Heinkel had already been interested in the potential of the gas turbine prior to encountering von Ohain and his work.

During September 1937, von Ohain successfully demonstrated his first engine, the Heinkel HeS 1. Accordingly, it was promptly decided to begin designing an aircraft for which a similar such engine could be installed and tested in the air. This aircraft, which would be designated He 178, was designed around von Ohain's third engine design, the HeS 3, which burned either diesel fuel or gasoline. To support the programme, the HeS 3 was test flown in a Heinkel He 118, but only as a supplemental engine to the conventional piston engine that it retained.

The He 178 was a relatively compact aircraft, featuring a primarily metal fuselage and using a largely conventional configuration and construction. The nose accommodated the air intake for the engine, which was housed within the central fuselage. The aircraft was fitted with tailwheel undercarriage. The main landing gear was intended to be retractable, but actually remained fixed in the "down" position throughout the flight trials. It was furnished with high-mounted wooden wings that had the characteristic Günter brothers elliptical trailing edge. Photos showing a "straight wing" (straight-line-taper in the wing planform, for both the leading and trailing edges) were of the second prototype He 178 V2, which never flew under power.

The He 178 V2 (note the squared-off wingtips). This particular aircraft flew only as an unpowered glider

The He 178 drawing board design

On 27 August 1939, the aircraft performed its maiden flight, only days before Germany invaded Poland. This flight, piloted by Erich Warsitz, lasted only six minutes and almost ended in near-disaster due to a misjudgement during the unpowered landing approach, but was successfully recovered. Warsitz later described his groundbreaking flight: "I moved the throttle levers gently forward. As the aircraft began to roll I was initially rather disappointed at the thrust, for she did not shoot forward as the 176 had done, but moved off slowly. By the 300-metre mark she was moving very fast. Despite several attempts I could not retract the undercarriage. It was not important, all that mattered was that she flew. The rudder and all flaps worked almost normally, the turbine howled. Now I would have to take my chances with the landing, losing altitude by side-slipping. I restored her to the correct attitude just before touching down, made a wonderful landing and pulled up just short of the Warnow."

Heinkel had developed the turbojet engine and the testbed aircraft, the Heinkel He 178 V1, in great secrecy. Their existence were concealed even from the Luftwaffe. On 1 November 1939, after the German victory in Poland, Heinkel arranged a demonstration of the aircraft before a group of Nazi officials. While Hermann Göring, the commander in chief of the Luftwaffe, was not in attendance, the demonstration was watched by Ernst Udet and Erhard Milch, Minister of Aircraft Production and Supply, however, they were reportedly not impressed by its performance. While the He 178 had been a success on a technical basis, its speed was restricted to no greater than 598 kilometres per hour (372 mph), even when fitted with the more powerful HeS 6 engines, capable of generating up to 5.8 kN (1,300 lbf) of thrust, while its combat endurance was limited to only ten minutes.

Heinkel was disappointed by the lack of official interest in his private-venture jet. In his autobiography, he attributes that to the failure of the leaders of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium to understand the advantages of jet propulsion and the breakthrough that He 178 represented. Undeterred by a lack of support from external officials, Heinkel decided to embark on the development of a twin-engine jet fighter as a private venture, harnessing what had been learned from flying the He 178 prototype. This would result in the He 280, the first prototype jet-powered fighter aircraft. It was not derived from the He 178, however, partially as some aspects of the design had deemed to be unsuitable for further development, such as mounting the engine within the fuselage which proved to be impractical.

Unknown to Heinkel, the Reich Air Ministry had already been developing its own jet technology. In fact, in September 1939, the development of jet powered single-seat aircraft was ordered to continue despite a general order to cut back on non-core development work as to get certain aircraft types operational as soon as possible. However, the jet engines that would be developed by Junkers and BMW would differ considerably from those engines used by the He 178, instead favouring the axial flow approach in place of the earlier centrifugal design. Nevertheless, the He 178 programme was a valuable source of test data that aided subsequent development efforts considerably.

The He 178 V1 airframe was placed on display at the Deutsche Luftfahrtsammlung in Berlin, where it was destroyed in an air raid in 1943.

The Heinkel He 178 V2 - the airworthy V1's airframe possessed the elliptically shaped trailing-edged wing.

General characteristics

Maximum speed: 598 km/h (372 mph, 323 kn)

Range: 200 km (120 mi, 110 nmi)

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Memorial plaque honoring the world's first jet flight from Heinkel's "Marienehe" factory airfield, in today's Rostock-Schmarl district

Buttler, Tony (2019). Jet Prototypes of World War II: Gloster, Heinkel, and Caproni Campini's Wartime Jet Programmes. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472835994.

Christopher, John (2013). The Race for Hitler's X-Planes. The Mill, Gloucestershire: History Press.

History Office (2002). Splendid Vision, Unswerving Purpose. Aeronautical Systems Center, Air Force Materiel Command. ISBN 0-1606-7599-5.

Martel, Charles R. (1987). Military Jet Fuels, 1944-1987. Aero Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force.

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The Heinkel He 178 was an experimental aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Heinkel. It was the world's first aircraft to fly using the thrust from a turbojet engine. The He 178 was developed to test the jet propulsion concept devised by the German engineer Hans von Ohain during the mid-1930s.

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我认为造纸术对人类最有帮忙因为造纸术让人写音讯，不用用这么多物品来做古代的纸。造纸术也让人们有跟轻的纸不会这么重。

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1. 弩炮
2. 日历

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古代的人以前自己洗牙,发明了一个方式用来洗牙.

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我觉的造纸术是最有帮助的因为它让知识的传播更方便和容易。

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1. 雨伞–鲁班，春秋鲁国工匠。传说发明了伞，伞骨用竹或檀香木制成，上面覆以树叶或羽毛做的伞面。

2. 风筝–鲁班，春秋鲁国工匠。传说发明了风筝，升空三日而不坠。

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轮子，要急着去个地方时，很方便，也很有用。

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我觉得轮是最有帮助的。这是因为我们不用浪费太多时间走路去远的地方，也不会那么累。

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1. 电报（1837年）

乔尔·莫克说，在电报出现之前，“传送信息最快的方式就是骑马”，不过，电报的出现改变了这一现状。1837年，美国发明家萨缪尔·摩尔斯首先成功示范有线电报。1887年，德国科学家海因里希·赫兹通过一个非常有名的实验证明了无线电波的存在。1895年，意大利青年大学生伽利尔摩·马可尼，在院子里进行无线电通信试验获得成功通信距离为30米。

2. 纸币（11世纪）

纸币是位于现代经济学核心的一个抽象概念。纸币是指以柔软的物料（通常是纸张）造成的货币，由国家发行的强制使用的货币符号。纸币是当今世界各国普遍使用的货币形式，而世界上最早出现的纸币，是中国北宋时期四川成都的“交子”。中国是世界上使用纸币最早的国家