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Characteristics of Mormons and Brook Farm Utopians

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Characteristics of Mormons and Brook Farm Utopians

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The Brook Farm utopian society is made up of a diverse group of people. These people included people who were teachers, workers, and craftsmen. They also believe in a more balanced way of life. The beliefs were primarily transcendental, and they mainly believed that a way to further grow in their faith with God was to live a more simple philosophical, balanced way of life. The Mormons believed that heaven was divided into three different bodies: celestial, terrestrial, and telestial kingdoms. They also believed that each human had three different lives. These lives were the pre-mortal life, life on earth, and afterlife. Another belief of Mormonism was that Jesus came to America six hundred years after a group of Prophets settled in America. These prophets came from Jerusalem and taught them Christianity. One of those prophets wrote the Book of Mormon, which was founded about a thousand years later.

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At first in 1814, the land was inhabited by George Rapp and his community of Harmonists. Then the land was later sold to Robert Owen and his Community of Equality. After the downfall of Owen's community, New Harmony was still impacted by their ideals. They founded and created many schools, such as private schools and also a school for orphans. They remained a community focused on advancing and increasing opportunities for education. The people on the land went from focusing more on religion to education and socialism. Overall, this land attracted people who did not agree with society's norms or actions. This was a safe haven for communities to form and participate in different lifestyles.

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George Rapp's group, "The Harmonists" main beliefs included the idea that Christ's second coming would take place during their lifetimes. They participated in a more strict religion, which included giving up tobacco and advocating celibacy. They also believed that the Bible was their main source of authority and shared items and goods rather than holding individual possessions. Robert Owen's community believed that a socialistic form of government would serve as the main solution for the issues between the wealth classes. His main goal was to find a perfect society to avoid issues that occurred within American society. This group also strived to achieve more advancements regarding education. The geologist Maclure attracted many scholars, some being feminists, which impacted the start of the feminist movement in New Harmony.

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George Rapp led a group known as the "Harmony Society," "The Harmonists," or "The Rappites," from Pennsylvania to Indiana in 1814. The Harmony Society was a separatist group from Germany in search of religious freedom and perfection regarding Christianity and daily life aspects. However, in 1824, Rapp decided to sell New Harmony to a man named Robert Owen. Owen came from Scotland and was an industrialist in hopes of forming a perfect community regarding social equality and education. Owen had a partner named William Maclure, a geologist who helped captivate the attention of many scholars. Owen's society was known as the "Community of Equality," and it was later dissipated in 1827.

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Utopian communities were formed in search of a way to escape the flaws of society. The New Harmony utopian societies were founded in the early 1800s due to issues in American society such as lack of education to certain groups of people, women beginning to fight for more rights, and the abolitionist movement. Rather than attempting to reform issues, the communities set apart to form an entirely new community and attempted to avoid making the same mistakes. The New Harmony group in particular established a more socialistic type of government to serve as a solution to the growing problems of industrialization.