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The Royal Palace or dei Normanni in Palermo was constructed in the highest place of the city, above an ancient Punic settlement whose remains are visible in the basement. The Palace is the oldest Royal residence in Europe and Imperial headquarters with Frederick II and Conrad IV, is the most visited monument of Palermo and current seat of the Sicilian Regional Assembly. During the Arab domination was erected the first nucleus with defensive functions and took the name of "Qasr" but when they arrived the Normans in 1072, was enlarged and converted into a royal residence from Roger II of Hauteville whose rooms, beautifully decorated with mosaic, lie within the Pisan Tower. The building incorporates the Cappella Palatina, the museo della Specola and the Astronomical Observatory.

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The church was erected in 1185 by Walter Ophamil (or Walter of the Mill), the Anglo-Norman archbishop of Palermo and King William II's minister, on the area of an earlier Byzantine basilica. By all accounts this earlier church was founded by Pope Gregory I and was later turned into a mosque by the Saracens after their conquest of the city in the 9th century. Ophamil is buried in a sarcophagus in the church's crypt. The medieval edifice had a basilica plan with three apses, of which only some minor architectural elements survive today.
The upper orders of the corner towers were built between the 14th and the 15th centuries, while in the early Renaissance period the southern porch was added. The present neoclassical appearance dates from the work carried out over the two decades 1781 to 1801, and supervised by Ferdinando Fuga. During this period the great retable by Gagini, decorated with statues, friezes and reliefs, was destroyed and the sculptures moved to different parts of the basilica. Also by Fuga are the great dome emerging from the main body of the building, and the smaller domes covering the aisles' ceilings.

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PALERMO It's a city of the south of Italy, on the northwestern coast of Sicily, on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It's the capital of Sicily, an independent region of Italy. It has got 689.193 inhabitants and 158,88 km2 Palermo has got the largest port of Sicily. In the city there are many buildings that they have to go back from the period when Sicily was a Norman kingdom. There are also Arab, Byzantine and Spanish influences. Palermo was founded by the Phoenicians in the 8th century BC and was a Carthaginian colony. It was taken by the Romans in 254 BC. It subsequently passed into the hands of the Goths (AD 440), the Byzantines (535), the Saracens (831), the Normans (1072), and the Holy Roman emperors (1194).The economy isn't very good, because there are small-medium factories and the unemployment is very diffuse. It is a trading centre for the island's agricultural produce and has factories engaged in food processing, shipbuilding, and the manufacture of furniture, leather products, glass, chemicals, cement, textiles, and paper