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How can the DAPL be made to be more sturdy and stable?

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How can the DAPL be made to be more sturdy and stable?

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Answer :
The DAPL could be made more sturdy by enlarging the widths of the pipeline. According to most articles, it informs that pipelines are the safest way to transport crude oil however the pipelines lack due to the capacity. There is a limited amount of space in the pipeline which is why it would be possible for oil to leak. So, in order to fix this problem, they could enlarge the widths of the pipeline.
http://www.upi.com/Canada-says-oil-pipeline-capacity-lacking/7981476272858/

Proposed Solution: A solution to this problem could be that the government could make a pipeline that does not touch the sacred grounds. Instead, the pipeline could stretch around it, extending it. Additionally, the government could create a treaty with the people of the tribe and give money to recreate different landmarks of their historical past. Although it may not feel the same, it would be better than losing the ground and not having anything at all to cherish it. Additionally, numerous farmers are not happy with the pipeline passing through their field of crops and goods. This could damage their livestock and eventually kill them, if the pipeline happens to leak. If the government gives money to these farmers, they could afford more property to expand their crop space. The funding could come from the government.

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/learning/lesson-plans/battle-over-an-oil-pipeline-teaching-about-the-standing-rock-sioux-protests.html?_r=0\

-Alina and Esther

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Lameen Dotse                                                  1.About how many people were arrested protesting ?

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Lameen Dotse                                                  1.About how many people were arrested protesting ?

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More then 140 people were arrested after police cleared up camps.
http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/dakota-pipeline-protests

2. what is the Dakota access pipeline ?
The Dakota Access Pipeline or Bakken pipeline is a 1,172-mile-long (1,886 km) underground oil pipeline project in the United States. ... The minor partners involved in the project are Phillips 66, En-bridge, and Marathon Petroleum. The project was planned for delivery by January 1, 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline

POSSIBLE SOLUTION:
Put it in a vacant land where no ones would get hurt/ die  of it were to explode or break which 99% of pipelines do. both sides would be happy with this outcome ,No one will be hurt and the pipeline would be built.

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If the DAPL comes across burial sites and sacred lands will it go through them or around?

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If the DAPL comes across burial sites and sacred lands will it go through them or around?

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Answer:
According to members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, the pipeline being built will go through, or quote "traverses ancestral lands — which are not part of the reservation — where their forebears hunted, fished and were buried." Due to the vast size of burial grounds and sacred lands, it would be almost impossible to avoid all of them, and plans would need to rearranged every time engineers come across a burial ground.

<https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/02/us/north-dakota-oil-pipeline-battle-whos-fighting-and-why.html>.

POSSIBLE SOLUTION:
Currently, the DAPL goes through scared lands and burial grounds of American Indian Tribes. The best possible solution that will allow the same amount of oil to come in, and keep the tribes happy is to re-route the pipeline. The DAPL' s current route goes south of Bismarck, North Dakota, which forces it to go through the Standing Rock Tribe. However, should it go north of Bismarck, North Dakota, it would avoid all American Indian Tribes and any sacred lands. Chase Iron Eyes, a Sioux Tribe Leader and Fort Yates Attorney agreed this was the best solution and best alternative plan.

Ivan & Niko

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When the DAPL breaks, how will the local and wildlife be affected?

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When the DAPL breaks, how will the local and wildlife be affected?

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Jiwon and Sam

If the DAPL breaks, it will harm animals and insects, it will disrupt the food chain, it will harm water sources. If the oil inside the pipeline spills into the river or oceans, it can harm wildlife because animals drink the water. It can affect small species of fish inside the water. It can also affect humans because the oil will contaminate drinking water sources. The creatures like sea otters and seabirds are most affected by oil because they are found on the sea surface or on shorelines. It also takes a long time to clean up the oil. It is really difficult to clean it up and it will cost a lot of money.

http://oilcare.org.uk/what-we-do/impacts-of-oil/

http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/how-oil-harms-animals-and-plants-marine-environments.html

Possible Solution:
A possible solution would build the oil pipes away from the rivers . If they build the oil pipe away from the rives it will prevent oil contamination in the river and the wildlife and water will be protected.

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What is the probability of an oil spill?

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What is the probability of an oil spill?

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Answer: Oil spills, or any other hazardous spills from pipelines are becoming more and more common. It is no longer a matter of "if a spill in a pipeline will occur", it's a matter of "when". Even the newer pipelines, while safer, lack the technology to detect minor problems that can lead to a major spill. Every pipeline will eventually experience a spill, with the older models being more vulnerable. According to government data, about 90% of natural gas and oil pipeline was installed before 1979, and 49% was built in the 1960s. Over 20k oil pipeline spills are reported by the federal government each year, with the major causes being corrosion, excavation failure, and even employee negligence.

Proposed Solution: WORK IN PROGRESS One solution to the DAPL situation involves rerouting the pipeline further north from the Bakken shale, where more than a million barrels of oil is produced daily, to start in the small town of Stanley, located in the Bakken. This route has the fewest obstacles and avoids important bodies of water, including the Missouri River. This proposal will also cost 23 million dollars less than the original plan.

Source: https://www.propublica.org/article/pipelines-explained-how-safe-are-americas-2.5-million-miles-of-pipelines

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pipeline-nativeamericans-reroute-idUSKCN11P09K

Michael & Vincenzo

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What other improvements can we make to the DAPL that will make it more reliable/sturdier?

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What other improvements can we make to the DAPL that will make it more reliable/sturdier?

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We can make many other improvements to the Dakota Access Pipeline to make it more reliable . Our nowadays technology can also help make the pipeline safer. The use of robotics can detect stress points and splits and repair them. The robots inject sealants to stop leaks, most often found at joints, thus saving in time and cost in having to dig to fix the leak. Other high-tech materials can prevent cracks and breaks in the pipeline. Aerogels can be applied in thin layers to help improve compression resistance of steel pipe, increase the insulating effect, and reduce pipe corrosion caused by friction. Another improvement is that they can put concrete coating on pipelines which are extremely durable and help achieve a level of buoyancy and high put-through rates in shallow-water pipelines.
-Caroline and Jasmine
http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/natural-gas/news/2016/05/technology-to-help-make-pipelines-safer-in-the-future

Proposed Solution:
The Indian Tribes are not only arguing because the DAPL will affect many of their sacred grounds, but they say that they are also fighting for water. Mr. Horinek says, "We’re here to protect the water. This isn’t just a native issue. We’re here protecting the water, not only for our families and our children, but for your families and your children. For every ranch and every farm along the Missouri River." The DAPL can be rerouted so that the pipeline will not touch any of the sacred grounds nor the water sources. Also, many farmers are unsatisfied about how the pipeline will pass through their farm fields, that can potentially harm their crops or livestock. The government can pay the farmers money for more property or equipment so they can buy land where the pipeline does not go through. Therefore, everyone can be satisfied with the pipeline.
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/02/us/standing-rock-front-lines.html

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Hagage Alfaqih                   What can the U.S. Army Corps Of E. provide housing or move the rock reservation?

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Hagage Alfaqih                   What can the U.S. Army Corps Of E. provide housing or move the rock reservation?

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Answer:
The US Army Corps of Engineers will grant an easement in North Dakota for the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline, allowing the project to move toward completion despite the protests of Native Americans and environmentalists.The decision gives the pipeline’s developer — Dakota Access, a subsidiary of Energy Transfer Partners — right-of-way through government land at Lake Oahe Dam and Reservoir in North Dakota.

fact:
Just a few weeks ago, President Donald Trump signed executive actions to advance approval of this pipeline and others, casting aside efforts by President Barack Obama’s administration to block construction.

Possible solution:
The possible solution is that people should continue to protest until the Dakota Access Pipline. Or there is aonther possible solution is If the U.S Army Corps. of Engineers leave an amount of space for the landowners so they could plants crops and stuff.  That's my opinion.

HOW DOES THE DAKOTA ACCESS PIPELINE IMPACT CANADA?
While the Dakota Access Pipeline does not directly impact Canada, on August 2, 2016, Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. (EEP), a unit of Calgary-based energy delivery company Enbridge announced that they will acquire a 27.6 per cent interest in the Bakken Pipeline System. The price tag: US$1.5 billion. In addition, three Canadian banks, RBC, Scotiabank and TD Securities, are among 17 financial institutions that have either have financial dealings with the pipeline or with companies that have a stake in the pipeline project. According to an investigation, TD Securities has given $360 million in project-level loans to the Dakota Access pipeline.

http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/dakota-access-pipeline-explained-what-you-need-to-know-1.3143020
http://ktla.com/2017/02/07/after-trumps-order-dakota-access-pipeline-to-get-final-permit-needed-from-u-s-army-corps-of-engineers/

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What will be the economic effect if the pipeline is blocked?

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What will be the economic effect if the pipeline is blocked?

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The economic effect of the pipeline would be a few thousand jobs during construction and  then 50 jobs to operate the pipeline. It would also have transported 830,000 barrels of oil a day, which would have decreased America's reliance on foreign oil. If the pipeline is blocked the economy would suffer a loss of thousands of temporary jobs, 50 permanent jobs, and some 830,000 barrels of crude oil a day. However, President Obama has stated that the pipeline would not be a "silver bullet for the economy."

http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation-politics/pipelines-actual-impact-on-environment-and-economy-under-debate/

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What can we, as students, as those who have voices but are not heard, do to make our voices heard to those people with power to make changes? 

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What can we, as students, as those who have voices but are not heard, do to make our voices heard to those people with power to make changes? 

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In the world we live in today, students do not have a voice in big decisions made by the rich politicians. However, in an article we read, the mom of a victim of bullying worked hard to have a bill passed about bullying in the state of Indiana. Like that mom, as citizens, we students can write letters/emails to the governor of North Dakota, and explain why the DAPL should not be made, and the terrible consequences America will have to suffer in the future. Then, hopefully, that governor will bring this to the attention of the Commander in Chief of this country, President Donald Trump.

- Josh Hong & Phillip Pullenza

https://www.change.org/p/indiana-state-senate-protect-our-children-do-not-pass-senate-bill-500

The government can propose another idea; something that satisfies both parties. The pipeline can extend from North Dakota to another state, while not going on sacred grounds and contaminating rivers. Then, the tribes could agree on a fair price with the government.

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Emre Ozmemili & Dylan Seo: Which environmental and economic entities will the Dakota Access Pipeline affect on a global scale?

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Emre Ozmemili & Dylan Seo: Which environmental and economic entities will the Dakota Access Pipeline affect on a global scale?

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First, since our federal government, more specifically our president, has expressed support in the pipeline, it will influence other nations to make similar economic and environmental initiatives. For example, because the Dakota Access Pipeline creates jobs, other countries will set an agenda to create jobs through their own construction projects. Environmentally speaking, the Dakota Access Pipeline will not only affect America's ecosystem and surroundings, but also will impact the environment of the entire planet since we as a world power are increasing our supply of oil and gasoline.  This pipeline, and future pipelines around the world, will inevitably affect nearby water sources due to breakage. Overall, the Dakota Access Pipeline will undoubtedly decrease the United State's reliance on foreign oil and other natural entities.  Therefore, the Dakota Access Pipeline will most certainly have an impact on the world's economic and environmental systems.

http://www.cfr.org/world/globalization-politics-american-foreign-policy-new-century/p6330

Possible Solution:
The supporters of the Dakota Access Pipeline embrace the economic benefits that the U.S. will gain from it. However, opponents of the pipeline view it as a major threat to their land and are feared by the thought that the pipeline could possibly damage their sacred commodities and contaminate their water. In March 2016, President Trump, who has signed an executive order approving the pipeline, proposed the United State's budget plan for 2018. The budget includes a 31% decrease in funding for the Environmental Protection Agency and a 10% increase to our defense spending. The U.S. already spends over half a trillion dollars on military every year, more than the next 8 countries combined (funded by our tax dollars by the way). Therefore, a possible solution and alternative to the Dakota Access Pipeline would not be a pipeline at all. Instead of making massive increases to our military spending, we should reallocate those funds and invest them in airplanes that would transport hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil every day from foreign entities to the United States. The United States has control of over 800 military bases around the world. The oil and gasoline would be placed on those airplanes and transported to the United States. Therefore, the U.S. would reap the economic benefits that the Dakota Access Pipeline would bring by increasing our Gross Domestic Product through importing oil, while at the same time not destroying anybody's land nor contaminating anybody's water.

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Elizabeth Tatishev and Darya Molotkova: What are the latest developments of the Dakota Access Pipeline? What are protesters doing right now?

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Elizabeth Tatishev and Darya Molotkova: What are the latest developments of the Dakota Access Pipeline? What are protesters doing right now?

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Currently, the Dakota Access Pipeline remains to be an issue. A few days from March 7th, 2017, a federal judge declined the people's wishes to temporarily stop construction on the final part of the Dakota Access Pipeline, so oil will begin flowing very soon. Currently, the pipeline has received more than 1,000 certificates, permits and approvals. If the Dakota Access Pipeline continues its construction (against mass opposition, it will transfer half of the total production coming from Bakken. It has also already created roughly 12,000 jobs and spent over $3.45 billion in construction and developments. This project will result in an estimated $156 million in sales and income taxes during construction and $55 million in property taxes annually. While this is happening, the Standing Rock and Cheyenne River Sioux tribes have promised to keep pursuing their legal fight against the pipeline, even once the pipeline is up and running. The tribes say the pipeline would endanger their cultural sites and water supply. They added a religious freedom component to their case last week by arguing that clean water is necessary to practice the Sioux religion. Their stand against its construction will continue endlessly.

http://www.commondreams.org/news/2017/02/14/dapl-construction-proceeds-standing-rock-emergency-request-denied

https://daplpipelinefacts.com/about-the-dakota-access-pipeline/

Possible Solution:
While preventing pipeline leaks completely is impossible, there are ways to minimize the likelihood of them occurring and the amount of damage that will result in a leak. One possible solution is to use automatic and remote controlled valves that can be placed within both the new and old pipeline systems. Instead of having to relocate the pipeline to a more barren location, we can install these systems. The way in which these valves would work is that they can either close off the pipe temporarily or control the flow of the oil. If there was to be a leak, the nearest automatic or remote controlled valve will close, cutting off the rest of oil. While this system does not promise an end to oil leaks, it would definitely reduce the number of leaks and the damage done in result. We would say that this would please both protesters and pipeline supporters because it allows for the pipeline to remain while still considering the ecological safety.

https://forcechange.com/147654/prevent-leaks-from-oil-and-gas-pipelines/

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/30/learning/lesson-plans/battle-over-an-oil-pipeline-teaching-about-the-standing-rock-sioux-protests.html?_r=1

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What do the rest of the 4 states being directly affected think about this pipeline?

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What do the rest of the 4 states being directly affected think about this pipeline?

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The citizens of the four states mainly think that the whole process is flawed, ever since the beginning. During this time, the basic rights of people continue to get violated and people want to protect their earth. The water sources would most likely get contaminated causing the people's water to be unsanitary. Although the four states would be mainly affected, the people know that the pipeline will eventually affect the rest of our nation. The citizens' devotion and determination of solving this issue will continue to fight/protest until it is solved.

-Natalie Ahn + Haeun Bang

https://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/3/standing_rock_chair_obama_could_stop

Solution: We can block off the parts of the water that can get contaminated with walls because that way, oil would not be able to get into the water and prevents contamination. This also prevents the oil from spreading to other rivers and states. Additionally, there are new inventions we saw recently that are sponges that absorb the oil in the water and on top.