# data[].attributes.body
pH : measurement of the basicity or acidity

pKa: measurement of acids strength based on the dissociation of H+. lower pKa indicates higher the strength of the acid

pI: isoelectric point. the pH value of a molecule when it has no net charge

# data[].attributes.body
pH

- measuring the acidity or basicity of a solution

-          pH 1-6 = acidic

-          pH 7 = neutral

-          pH 8-14 = alkaline

pKa

- related to the acid dissociation constant (Ka), pH, and the strength of acids

- it describes how easily an acid donates protons (H⁺)

- the value of pKa is directly connected to Ka and pH, and it helps determine whether an acid is strong or weak

pI

- pH where a molecule has not net charge

# data[].attributes.body
pH

- measurement the acidity or basicity

- tells the concentration of hydrogen ions

pKa

- indicates how tightly a specific functional group holds onto its hydrogen ions

- lower pKa, stronger acid

pI

- entire molecule, the pH where net charge is zero

- the molecule is in neutral state

# data[].attributes.body
pH:

Measures how acidic or basic a solution is

→ based on H⁺ concentration

→ low pH = acidic, high pH = basic

pKa:

The pH where a functional group is 50% protonated and 50% deprotonated

→ tells you how easily a group gives up H⁺

→ lower pKa = stronger acid

pI (isoelectric point):

The pH where a molecule (like an amino acid) has no net charge (0)

→ positive charges = negative charges

# data[].attributes.body
pH: measures acidity or basicity of a solution.

it reflects the concentration of hydrogen ions

pH = -log[H+]

pKa: negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant of a solution.

the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid

the higher the pKa, the weaker the acid

pI: isoelectric point

pH at which a molecule has no net overall charge

# data[].attributes.body
pH: measurements of acidity or basicity

pH : -log[H+]

pKa: strength of an acid

pKa= -log Ka

pI = no net charge

positive charge and negative charge in the same amount

# data[].attributes.body
pH

- Definition: A measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

Acid: Donates/releases a proton (H⁺)

Base: Accepts a proton (H⁺)

pKa

- Definition: A measure of a molecule's proton affinity (how tightly it binds H⁺)

High Affinity (High pKa): The molecule holds onto its proton strongly (weak acid)

Low Affinity (Low pKa): The molecule readily gives up its proton (strong acid)

pI (Isoelectric Point)

- Definition: The specific pH at which a molecule carries zero net electrical charge

pH < pI: Molecule has a net positive charge

pH > pI: Molecule has a net negative charge

# data[].attributes.body
pH

Measures of acidity/basicity

Formula: pH = -log10[H+]

Lower pH-->more acidity;

higher pH --> more basic

pKa

Indicates acid strength (how easily it donates H+)

Formula: pKa = -log10(Ka)

Lower pKa --> stronger acid

pI

pH where a molecule has no net charge.

For amino acids: pI = (pKa1 + pKa2)/2

At this pH, positive and negative charges balance

# data[].attributes.body
pH

measures how acidic or basic a solution is

based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution

low pH = acidic

high pH = basic

pKa

value that shows the strength of an acid

low pKa = strong acid

high pKa = weak acid

pI

isoelectric point

pH where a molecule has no net charge

molecule is overall neutral as the number of positive charges = the number of negative charges

# data[].attributes.body
pH: defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen (H+) or hydronium ion.

pKa = - log Ka

pI: is the pH at which a molecule (usually an amino acid or protein has no net electrical charge)

# data[].attributes.headline
NUR ALIEYA HUSNA BT MOHD NASRUL EKRAM (A210028)

# data[].attributes.subject
NUR ALIEYA HUSNA BT MOHD NASRUL EKRAM (A210028)

# data[].attributes.body
1. pH is measure of acidity of a solution and determine the amount of H⁺ ions are present. Using pH = -log[H⁺]

If Low pH (1–6) → acidic (more H⁺) meaning in amino acids becomes positively charged

pH 7 → neutral

High pH (8–14) → basic (less H⁺) meaning amino acid becomes negatively charged

2. pKa is the pH where a group is 50% ionized. In which, 50% has H⁺ and 50% lost H⁺. Using pH = pKa. At this point, the molecule is in equilibrium. Thus:

if pH < pKa : group keeps H⁺

if pH > pKa : group loses H⁺

3. pI (isoelectric point) is pH where the amino acid has NO net charge (0), which means postive charge = negative charge. At pI, amino acid is neutral overall.

# data[].attributes.body
1. pH

pH (potential of hydrogen) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

This is based on the concentration of free proton, [H+] in solution.

2. pKa

pKa (acid dissociation constant) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical group to donate a proton. Lower pKa indicates a stronger acid.

3. pI

pI (isoelectric point) is the pH at which a molecule has no net charge.

# data[].attributes.body
pH

• Measurement of acidity or basicity of a substance

Acid: Release proton

Base: Accept proton

pKa

• Measurement of proton affinity

High Affinity: A molecule holds on to it tightly

Low Affinitiy: A molecule less likely to hold on its proton

pI

• A specific pH levels that has zero net charge

# data[].attributes.body
pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution to show the acidity or the basicity of the solution.

pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka)

pKa=-log10Ka

pI is the pH at which a molecule, carries no net electrical charge

# data[].attributes.body
ph-

How acidic or basic a solution is.

pKa-

The pH where a molecule is half protonated and half deprotonated.

pl-

The pH where a molecule has no overall charge.

# data[].attributes.body
pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ion (H+) in a solution. pKa measures the strength of an acid by indicating how easily it donates protons. pI is where net charge is equal to 0.

# data[].attributes.body
pH is measures how acidic or basic a solution is. pKa is the measures of the strength of an acid. pI is the pH at which a molecule has no net electrical charge