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There has been a miscommunication between group members, so we had to do this week's jigsaw without a member for Article A. Sorry for this and thanks for your understanding.

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The article also dwells on the fact that bilingualism and multilingialism are indeed in many ways advantageous for adults and kids since it develops intellectual and social skills however, according to the author the tendency to speak many languages is more characteristic for the new Canadians rather that to those who was born and raised here.

The author also mentions such term as “linguistic ecology” in the country which is in his opinion consist of many non-official minority languages including Indigenous languages. The researcher underlines the fact that linguistic ecology has dramatically changed over past years. For instance, it is said that over recent decades the linguistic focus moved from the European languages used as home languages for many immigrants arriving to the country to Southern Asian and Arabic languages.

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there are several quotes that will help you guys understand the author's arguments.

"Despite this multilingual skill set, they (immigrants) are often positioned as linguistically deficient, on the basis of their nascent or developing knowledge of French"
"Assimilationist policies in Canadian schools lead to subtractive bi- or multilingualism, where French or English are privileged exclusively at the expense of students' other languages"
"multilingual Canadian-born students in the study who spoke a home language other than English or French often performed in statistically  indistinguishable ways from their English-L1 monolingual peers"
"strategic metalinguistic knowledge transfer across languages can work
well in both directions (L1 to L2 or L2 to L1) under the right conditions."
"This language-awareness
building, in turn, allows students to reflect on their own languages as well as
others’ more deeply, the features shared or distinctive among them, as well as
the reasons for linguistic diversity."

This article talks about many things that we've already discussed in class: monolingual bias, multicompetence, multiliteracies, etc.  Although I wrote many quotes, those quotes summarize the article quite well.

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How much do we know about our own language?

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How much do we know about our own language?

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Do we really understand how much of our own culture is imprinted in the language we speak? Especially when we look at the number and type of different discourses we use in different settings (from formal to slang), it is easy to categorize a language learner as not "fluent", because they do not have a thorough understanding of how a language is used in a culture.

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What does it mean to be proficient in a language?

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What does it mean to be proficient in a language?

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An aspect of language proficiency that is often put aside is the amount of knowledge a second language speaker may or may not have of the culture attached to a language. This can influence how they are perceived by a community greatly.