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1. COSTA CRICA is developing it rainforest sustainability through ECOTOURISM:
Many areas of the country have developed tourist facilities such as zip wires and trails through the forest which are popular with the toursist. Another way that Costa Rica is sustainably developing its forest is through its plant species. The Costa Rican government has allowed the american comapny Merck to look after plants which can be made into medicine or fragrances for perfumes. The Costa Rican government will get a share of any profits.

2. VENEZUELA: Since 2008 the government has not issued any more permits to mine gold or diamonds in the Imataca Rainforest Reserve. The country does not need to exploit minerals for economic reasons, therefore, it can afford to conserve its forest area. This followed attacks on local people from illegal miners. The government will now protect both the biodiversity of the forst and the local people.

3. DISNEY in PERU: Another form, of management is through carbon credits. Developing countries can set aside some of their forest and recieve carbon credits. Industrialised countries, or companies, can buy these credits off the country and in this way the developing country earns money from its forest.

With the help of a $3.5  million dontation from Disney, Conservation International was able to develop a reduced emissions from deforistation and forest degradation project in the dwindling Alto Mayo Protected Forest in Peru. The project, has generated 3 million tonnes of emissions reductions so far, and delivered a host of benefits for local populations.

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Effects of Resources Extraction From Rainforests

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Effects of Resources Extraction From Rainforests

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1. OIL EXTRACTION IN ORIENTE REGION, ECUADOR:
Toxic waste water mixed with crude oil seeps out of 600 unlined pits in the soil, polluting freshwater and farmland.

Hydrocarbons are concentrated 200 - 300 times more in the water than is allowed for human consumption.

Stomach cancer is five times more frequent and there are many more miscarriages amongst the local people such as the Huaorni.

Many plants such as the periwinkle which can be used to cure childhood leukaemia are now endangered.

2. LOGGING IN CAMEROON:
Roads built by the logging companies have opened up the fores for illegal loggers and comercial hunting. This has lead to the killing of Elephants, Gorillas and Chimpanzees whose meat is sold at high prices to restaraunts.

The Baka Pigmies are often employed for a few days to show logging companies the best trees which unwittingly lead to them causing the destruction of their own environment.

In the local Baka work in the sawmills they are not given protective clothing. The wood is often treated with toxic products against parasites which the workers breath in

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1. BY SCHOOLS:
"Livesimply" is a campaign by the Catholic Charity CAFOD which ran throughout 2007. It encouraged students to consider how they make choices in life. It provided schools with resources to get students to think about their impact on the world and sustainability. Students were encouraged to make pledges such as to turn off lights when they leave a room and to recycle their old clothes.

2. BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: The government believes that local councils are important in reducing carbon emissions as they have an influence on local homeowners. Local councils have introduced schemes to cut carbon emissions. The changes can be as simple as giving away free, low energy lightbulbs or as sophisticated as Woking's combined heat and power scheme.

3. BY LOCAL INTERST GROUPS: "Manchester is my planet" - this group is running a pledge campaign to get people to reduce their carbon footprint. It started in 2005 and now 20,000 people are involved. One initiative is the Green Badge Parking Permit for people who own low carbon emitting cars. It is valid for 1 year and allows a 25% discount on NCP car parks within Greater Manchester.

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1. CAMBRIDGE PARK AND RIDE:  4500 car parking spaces available.

Double decker busses carrying up to 70 people every 10 minutes during the day. Monday - Saturday.

£2.20 - Pay for Bus not the Car Park - Cheaper than city centre parking.

5 sites covering all the main routes into the city. They are well lit and have security systems. There are waiting rooms, toilets and baby changing facilities on the outskirts of the city.

TRYING TO ENTICE PEOPLE OUT OF THEIR CARS. FEWER PEOPLE THEN COMPLETEING THE JOURNEY INTO THE CITY CENTRE SO THERE ARE LESS EMISSIONS AND CONGESTION.

2. CONGESTION CHARGE:

London introduced the congestion charge in 2003.

Cameras track who has entered the charging zone and you must pay by midnight or be fined. Costs £8 - £10.  7am - 6pm Monday - Friday.

Traffic levels have been reduced by 21%

12% increase in cycle journeys in the zone.

12% reduction in emissions of nitrous oxides.

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1. 100% of phones are recyclable.
2. 44% of people leave their old phones in drawers.
3. 50% of people get a new phone every year.
4. Old mobile phones can be fashioned into Trumpets, Park Benches and Gold Rings.

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The shape of Earths orbit varies from almost circular to elliptical.
Circular = Colder. Elliptical = Warmer

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1. GLACIER NATIONAL PARK: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhpipNh4j8g
2. DROUGHT IN KENYA: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSA05zSvHNc
3. THE GREAT BARRIER REEF: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=526n0WhyJGQ
4. COSTAL FLOODING IN BANGLADESH:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJPOrjm5F2M

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1. GLOBAL AGREEMENTS BETWEEN COUNTRIES: In 1992, the UN held a meeting in Rio de Janeiro which has since been called the Earth Summit. This is because it was at this meeting that a number of decisions were made by countries about their response to climate change.

The result of the meeting was the first treaty which aimed to stabilise green house gas emissions.

This treaty lead to the Kyoto Protocol which was signed in 1997. Each country agreed to cut greenhouse gasses by 5.2% compared to 1990's levels.

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1. CHANGING PATTERN OF CROP YIELDS: Countries closest to the equator are likely to the equator are likely to suffer the most as their crop yields will decrease. E.g. Tanzania and Mozambique will have longer periods of drought and shorter growing seasons. They could lose almost a third of their maize crop.
2. RISING SEA LEVELS: By the end of the century, sea level is predicted to rise by 88cm. This will threaten large areas of low lying land including major cities such as London, New York and Tokyo. Bangladesh stands to loose 17.5% of its land.
3. RETREATING GLACIERS:
90% of the Glaciers in Antarctica are retreating.
4. GREAT BARRIER REEF: A Greenpeace report predicts that that GBR will be dead within 30 years due to bleaching caused by increasing sea temperatures.