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Explain how the allaince system became offensive in nature

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Explain why there was increased tensions?

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What impact did the crises have on relations between Britain & France?

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In what ways did the Bosnian crisis lead to the outbreak of WW1?

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How did the assassination spark off the war?

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Explain how the alliance system lead to war from 28 Jun to 4 Aug.

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How did the Schlieffen Plan lead to war?

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Explain Austria-Hungary was responsible for the outbreak of WW1.

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Explain how Russia was responsible for the outbreak of WW1.

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Explain how Germany was responsible for the outbreak of WW1.

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The Bosnian Crisis brought about tension between Austria Hungary, Germany and Serbia and Russia. In 1908 Austria took over Bosnia-Herzegovina to preserve its empire & to combat ambitions. However, Serbia also wanted to occupy  Bosnia. Together with Russia, in order to win over Bosnia, Serbia fought with Austria Hungary, who was backed up by Germany, resulting in an unsuccessful attempt. Serbia saw the annexation as a deliberate act of hostility towards their ambition to unite with Bosnia and therefore, resulting in tensions between Austria Hungary. The tensions between the two powers slowly built up over the years, which eventually led to World War 1.

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World War I started as a mere regional conflict with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo by the Black Hand. The Archduke was the here to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and thus war wad declared on the Serbia, who were accused of trying to unite with the Southern Slavic lands in the Austro-Hungarian empire to form a Yugoslavia.

Unfortunately, Serbia was in an alliance with Russia, so the Russian threatened to to declare war on Austria-Hungary. At this point, the war was still preventable, if both sides stepped down, it could have been averted; however, the Russian army began mobilizing before the end of the one month time limit on the ultimatum, so the Germans, who were allied with the Austrians, stepped in, fearing a direct Russian invasion.

The French and the Russians had signed a political and military pact in 1894, and the Germans were wary of this. Although the Germans openly demanded French neutrality, they had already arranged for the Schlieffen plan, deploying 80% of its forces on a potential Western Front. To invade France, they passed through Belgium, which had signed a mutual protection treaty with Great Britain, which in accordance with the treaty, entered the war on the behalf of the Belgians.

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First crisis:
- France saw Morocco as a vital area for its security. Britain and Spain had accepted greater French control over Morocco in 1904.
- In 1905, Kaiser issued a statement for support for Moroccan  independence.
- Kaiser was seen as challenging the colonial friendship treaty of 1904 between France and Britain.
- The crisis was resolved in 1906.

Second crisis:
-  Occurred in 1911, when a German gunboat arrived in Agadir, seemingly to protect German economic interests during a local uprising.
- Anti-European rioting in Morocco had caused France to send in more troops and the German naval action seemed to challenge this.
- Seeing German naval presence on the coast of Morocco threatened the British and French.
- A settlement was negotiated that gave France rights to a formal protectorship over Morocco and in return, Germany acquired part of of the French Congo.

These incidents left Germany isolated and made Britain and France distrustful of Germany. It also brought France and Britain close together.

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The alliance system segregated different areas of Europe to ensure that power and influence would not overlap. This system was offensive because it linked countries of the same alliances together, causing the inclusion of many countries in a conflict. This would then lead to a huge movement within the alliances and cause great harm and damage.

The Alliance system was a system and involuntarily involved countries bringing up alliance as an excuse to request for more military support in times of war. It is a system where supplies were shared thus, if one country were to be overpowered in their resources it would mean that one side of the alliance system would be bound to have more support and resources, making it unfair to countries of the other alliances.
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10- Kaiser arrived in Tangier’s on March 31st, 1905 to declare his support for the sultan of Morocco provoking France and Britain. Kaiser as well as the German government did not have interest in Morocco and it’s centre purpose was to disrupt the Anglo France Entente as a settlement of Long-lasting imperialist rivalries between Britain and France in North Africa.Germany was angered about decisions made regarding North Africa excluding it. It also saw that the friendship between these 2 powerful countries posed a challenge on Germany’s own influence in Europe. Thus Kaiser expressed his support to the sultan of Morocco to place a wedge between Britain and France. However this strengthened the bond between France and Britain and they had an informal military  alliance  and later a mutual Defense agreement with Russia.

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blank cheque to austria-hungary which ensured unconditional protection from germany to austria-hungary even in the most dire situations. this sense of protection from germany instigated austria-hungary and made them wage war with serbia. austria-hungary was initially afraid to wage war wirh serbia as the serbs were protected by the russians. however, with the guarantee from germany that they would be backed up, austria-hungary could confidently wage war with serbia.

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Austria Hungary delivered her ultimatum to Serbia knowing that they could not fulfill all the request thus using it and the assassination of Franz ferdinand as an excuse to declare war on Serbia with the support of Germany. The other great powers like Britain did not want Germany to get even stronger and furthermore, they were alliance with Serbia thus they defended Serbia and this led to the outbreak of World War 1.

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Blank cheque to austria Where Germany promised that it would render unconditional support to Austria hungary

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it involved a chain reaction including many countries and thus there were increased tensions among more countries (1)

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russia sided with serbia

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The Schlieffen Plan was the operational plan for a designated attack on France once Russia, in response to international tension, had started to mobilise her forces near the German border. The execution of the Schlieffen Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany on August 4th, 1914. With France and Belgium being attacked by Germany, Britain had to step in as France and Belguim was very close Britian and Britain had to protect their own national interest and prevent Germany from dominating Europe. Another reason Britain  had to step in was that Britain was already in the Naval Arms race between Germany and Britain was competitive and hostile towards Germany.
Zhen He (27)

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countries acted aggressively towards each other (1)

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When one country was threatened, the other countries in the alliance system are also dragged into the fight. This is to prevent them from going against their word. Hence, when one country went against another, the alliance system caused a global war

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Even though Russia had been forced to accept Austria's annexation not wanting to risk having to go to war with Germany and Austria-Hungary without strong support and the crisis was thus resolved without immediate warfare, it bittered relations between Serbia and AH and Russia's resentment at having been deceived and humiliated had also contributed to the outbreak of the first World War.

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austria-hungary attacked serbia
russia was ally of serbia
germany stepped in to prevent huge war
france stepped in

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Russia was the protector of the Slavic people. Austria Hungary also wanted to acquire Bosnian land. This strengthened the bond between Germany and Austria Hungary and made the rivalry of the alliance system stronger
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Kaiser Wilhelm declared his support for the sultan of Morroco, beacuse Germany was infuriated with the fact that they were excluded from the decisions made about North Africa. They knew that this would anger the British and French.

Germany saw that the friendship between two of Europe’s most powerful nations, Britain and France posed a challenge to Germany’s own influence in Europe and the world.

However, although Germany had intended aggressive action in Morocco to place a wedge between France and Britain, it in fact had the opposite effect, strengthening the bond between the two countries due to their mutual suspicion of Germany. What began as mere friendship turned, after the First Moroccan Crisis, into a type of informal military alliance, including conversations between the British and French governments and military staffs and later, a mutual defense agreement with a third country, Russia.

This proved disastrous to Germany in World War 1, as their actions in the Moroccan Crisis united two European superpowers, Britain and France, against Germany. They were united against one enemy.

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When Austria Hungary went to war with Serbia, Russia mobilized its army to attack Austria Hungary. This resulted in a chain reaction where Germany stepped into the war to support Austria Hungary and fight Russia. When Germany invaded France and also disregarded the Belgium Treaty, Britain entered the war as this decision was justified by Germany disrespecting the Belgium Treaty and attacking France, a member of the Triple Entente  which made Britain obliged to declare war on Germany

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Due to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum with 10 conditions to be met. However, since one was not met, Austria-Hungary made use of it to Attack Serbia.

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germany caused a local war to become a world war

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The Schlieffen Plan was a name given after the First World War to German war plans, the influence of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen and his thinking on an invasion of France and Belgium which began on 4 August 1914. Schlieffen was Chief of the General Staff of the German Army from 1891 to 1906. In 1905 and 1906, Schlieffen devised an army deployment plan for a war-winning offensive against the French Third Republic. After losing the First World War, German official historians of the Reichsarchiv and other writers described the plan as a blueprint for victory.

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Austria Hungary issued an unreasonable ultimatum dat Serbia was unable to fulfill all the conditions. This caused tension between the two sides, which caused a localised war to be escalated

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This forced the Germans to be aggressive which would then allow Britain and Russia to declare war without appearing as the bad guy.

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Germany wanted to challenge France's growing control over Morocco, aggravating France and the United Kingdom. The crisis worsened German relations with both France and the United Kingdom, and helped enhance the new Anglo-French Entente. Britain had defended France in the crisis, showing that they had close relations, and that the Entente Cordiale was strong.

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The Bosnian Crisis and the Balkan Wars - How Did They Help Cause WW1 - GCSE History

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There was increased tension between the Britain and Germany as it made war more likely, as each country increased its army and weapons. Each country became more confident of success in a future war.

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Austria Hungary seized the opportunity to Attack Serbia using this ultimatum. However, the competition for the Balkan’s state and acquiring the remains of collapsed Ottoman Empire was ongoing between the two countries.

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Hitler