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San Ignacio School
3° year "A"
Mario barra #2
Carlos García #14
Gabriel Gómez #17
Edgar Ravelo #32

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Genetic helps to explain how traits are passed from parents to their young. Parents pass traits to their young trough gene transmission.

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Is the simple duplication of a cell and all of it's parts. It duplicates the DNA and the 2 new cells have the same pieces and genetic code

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Meiosis has 2 divisions, were four cells are created when there was originally one which there will be the half amount of DNA needed by a cell.

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Gene Inheritance

Genetic Dominance: Learn about the difference between complete genetic, codominance, and incomplete dominance.

Mendel´s Law of Segregation: this is the first law of mendel, called law of segregation.
Mendel.

Mendel´s Law of independent assortment: This principle of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel states that traits are transmitted to offsprings independently of one another.

Polygenic Inheritance: Polygenic Inheritance of traits such as skin color, eye color, hair color that are determined by more than one gene.

Sex-Linked traits: Hemophilia is an example of a common sex-linked disorder that is an X linked recessive trait.

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Genes and Protein Synthesis

Decoding Your Genetic Code: The genetic code is the information in DNand RNA that determines amino acid sequences in protein synthesis.

How Does DNA Transcription Work?: DNA transcription is a process that involves the transcribing of genetic information from DNA to RNA. Genes are transcribed in order to produce proteins.

Translation: Making Protein Synthesis Possible: Protein synthesis is accomplished
through a process called translation. In translation, RNA and ribosomes work
together to produce proteins.

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There are 5 basic phases in the life-cycle of a cell. The method PMATI

1.  Prophase: The cell get's the idea to duplicate. Duplicate the DNA, get the pieces in their position and prepare for the mitosis division

2. Metaphase: The DNA lines up along a central axis and the centrioles send out specialized tubules that connect to DNA

3. Anaphase: The separation begins. Half of the chromosomes are pulled to one side of the cell; Half go the other way

4. Telophase: The cell membrane closes in and splits the cell into two pieces

5. Interphase: This is the normal state of a cell, called resting state

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Meiosis happens when it's time to reproduce an organism. The step are really easy when you break it down it's just two PMATI's in a row.
Meiosis is the great process that shuffles the cell's genes around. Plants, animals, and even and even fungi do it. The cell does a second division soon after the first.

Step One
Meiosis 1: Pairs of chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell and then pulled to each side.

This is an exchange of genes. The genes are mixed up, the cells divide, leaving two new cells with a pair of chromosomes each.

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Genes and Chromosomes

Chromosomes and Sex: Introduction to the basics of sex determination by the presence or absence of certain chromosomes.

Gene Mutations: A gene mutation is any change that occurs in the DNA.

Four Cute Features Caused by Gene Mutations: Features such as freckles are caused by gene mutations

Genetic Recombination: Genes on chromosomes are
recombined to produce organisms with new gene combinations.

Genetic Variation: The alleles of organisms within a population
change.

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities: Sex chromosomes abnormalities occur as a result of chromosomes mutations

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Mitosis and Meiosis

DNA Replication: DNA replication is the process of copying the DNA within our cells.

The Cell Cycle of Growth: Cells grow and replicate through an ordered series of
events called the cell cycle.

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PMATI is the
acronym for the phases of a cell's existence. It breaks down to.

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Step Two

Meiosis 2: In Prophase II the DNA that remains in the cell begins to condense and form short chromosomes. Each chromosome pair has a centromere. The centrioles also begin their journey to opposite sides of the cell. In Metaphase II all of the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the centrioles are in position for the duplication. Anaphase II shows the chromosomes split and move to opposite sides of the cell. Each one splits into two pieces. They don't divide up the DNA between the new cells; they split the DNA that exists.

Telophase II shows the DNA completely pulled to the sides and the cell membrane begins to pinch. When it's all over, you are left with four haploid cells that are called gametes. The eventual purpose of the gametes will be to find other gametes with which they can combine. When they do, they will form a new organism.