# data[].attributes.headline
Molly, Ayah, Ash, Sheima, Ahmad AlOfish, Raza

# data[].attributes.subject
Molly, Ayah, Ash, Sheima, Ahmad AlOfish, Raza

# data[].attributes.headline
Muhammed, Juju, Tuleen, Layla, Meera AlShehhi

# data[].attributes.subject
Muhammed, Juju, Tuleen, Layla, Meera AlShehhi

# data[].attributes.headline
Leen, Jawaher, Mariam, Haya, Meera Alfahim

# data[].attributes.subject
Leen, Jawaher, Mariam, Haya, Meera Alfahim

# data[].attributes.headline
Hamza, Alina, Yasmin, Yasmeen, Ahmed AlDeen

# data[].attributes.subject
Hamza, Alina, Yasmin, Yasmeen, Ahmed AlDeen

# data[].attributes.body
"Watching pigeons
That watched them."

The repetition of "watching" (the people watching pigeons and the pigeons watching them) alludes to how the people are neglected (and how pointless their seemingly endless waiting seems). This showcases their loss of identity, as all that the people are doing is staring at pigeons and waiting for their opportunity to begin their new lives.

# data[].attributes.body
" The train's whistle so suddenly to the right of our shoulders, like a word of command".

The effect of the use of repetition is that it printed the idea of emptiness and silence in a railway station waiting for a train to take you somewhere you might find a new home, a new life. This leads also to the fact that the families are living a silent identity crisis, as they left back their homes to an almost unknown fait in a country they have no relation with, other than their need to live.

# data[].attributes.headline
"But it was sat to hear. The train's whistle so suddenly - Too the right of our shoulders. Like a word of command"

# data[].attributes.subject
"But it was sat to hear. The train's whistle so suddenly - Too the right of our shoulders. Like a word of command"

# data[].attributes.body
This Stanza, from the first word till the last demonstrates a sense of assertion onto a weak force. The train's whistles cause an immediate fright upon the feart immigrant people who've arrived right by the humect train tracks. "like a word of command" almost every action and sound demonstrated shows a prevalent dominance over the people, demonstrating their uncomfortable and fearful instinct into an unfamiliar environment especially in the brink, wet dark of night.

# data[].attributes.body
"Sank into our thoughts-/But we ate it all:"
Through the use of the inclusive language 'our' and 'we' Skryznecki highlights immigrant's loss of identity. The author uses this inclusive language to make evident that immigrants are seen as a collective by society rather than individual people. This causes immigrants to loose their personal identity with others and instead become part of a group that has many positive and negative connotations in different areas of society.

# data[].attributes.body
"Families stood with blankets and packed cases - keeping their children by their sides." identity with how blankets and packed cases had an identity through the five senses

# data[].attributes.body
"The silence, the cold, the benevolence of empty streets"

The tricolon effect amplifies the imagery of the constant moving and travelling refugee's as being a fruitless process that has a sense of dread that follows it as being unfamiliar with a location can develop further fear into refugees. The motif of a refugee being in a constant of unfamiliarity dehumanizes and demeans their lives as being nothing but a repetition of movement.

# data[].attributes.body
"Watching pigeons that watched them"

The author uses juxtaposition to further emphasize unfamiliarity and familiarity of the two contrasting environments which are the country they are taking refugee in and the their homeland, additionally, identity crises is implied through the use of juxtaposition to highlight two separate yet associated notions of familiarity and unfamiliarity. The author achieves in delineating the contrasting notion of unfamiliarity and familiarity through the word ‘pigeon’ which are a common specie of bird found in a variety of places, indicating its commonness and familiarity between individuals. However, in the poem, the pigeon is set in a railway where the immigrants are heading of to another location for refugee which would be unfamiliar compared to their homeland which is familiar and common, in other means, their homeland is common and not unknown. The presence of the pigeon is symbolic and does emphasize  familiarity of their own lands but also contrasts with the unfamiliarity of the location they are taking refuge in. The audience comprehends the immigrants familiarity in thier own lands contrast to a foreign place they would soon depart to and deeply emphasizes with the author due to a general fear of the unknown. Unfamiliarity does not necessary  associate with environment but also the unfamiliarity of people and culture, immigrants may be tied between both places of familiarity and unfamiliarity and does not know where to belong and how to act.

# data[].attributes.body
"keeping children by their sides, Watching pigeons That watched them.

The pigeons in this line are symbolic of the immigrants standing, waiting for an opportunity of escape or freedom. Pigeons are very idle creatures and are known to be frozen in time, The fact that they are watching them means they too are waiting idly. It shows the withering identity of the immigrants as time passes by them (the train). The family is standing positioned like pigeons on a line waiting in a line to show how similar each situations are.

# data[].attributes.body
"Like cattle bought for slaughter"

By utilising simile, the poet likens the immigrant families awaiting the arrival of the train, to cattle awaiting their deaths at the slaughterhouse. By using cattle as a comparison to the immigrants, Skryznecki illustrates how little space there is due to the large number of people migrating, communicating the urgency a large number of immigrants feel in moving to a safer country. Furthermore, the poet seemingly juxtaposes the need for safety to the metaphorical leap they are taking by moving to an unfamiliar country. Like cattle, immigrants cannot know the outcomes of their move until they board the train and begin their new life - will they be welcomed into the country or will they, like the fates of the cattle, be caged away from the world in detention facilities while their very identities wither away? Skryznecki thus highlights to the audience his core message about identity, which regards the forced abandonment of aspects of one's identity when facing migration, in addition to the bravery it costs immigrants to take the leap from the platform to the train, all in search of a better life.

# data[].attributes.body
"Watching pigeons That watched them"

This part of the poem may symbolize how similar both the pigeons and the immigrants are.  As they look at one another, this may underline the relationship or mutual feeling they both share as if it were a secret, as they both silently recognize one another's presence. In comparison to other birds, pigeons are disregarded and forgotten, therefore, possibly the author equates a pigeon's identity with the immigrants at that moment in the train station; forgotten or lost, tolerating the harsh living conditions to keep their family safe, and remaining patient. This may also be interpreted as foreshadowing; as the immigrants are looking at what they soon might be and how their identity will be perceived by others. Perhaps their identities will diminish and they will become similar to pigeons, in search of a home, with no one tracking their movements, how significant they are, or how many there are left of them. No one will associate them with their background, history, or experiences now that they are migrants; instead, they will be like pigeons moving on with life and enduring whatever their living conditions are, surviving rather than living.

# data[].attributes.body
"Cutting us off from the space of eyesight." - Imagery

Through the use of imagery, the author declares the last moments of an immigrant who’s at loss with their chance to get on the train. The sentence "Cutting us off from the space of eyesight." portrays the after effects of how the immigrant would feel, describing to the audience how immigrants were pressured to compete with time, conveying how the train was missed, ‘in the blink of an eye’. Ultimately, signifying that the last moments before unexpectedly losing the train, communicates to the reader how easily one can lose or misplace their own identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Caesura: “The train’s whistle so suddenly - to the right of our shoulders”

The use of caesura applies a dramatic emphasis on the struggles as a refugee the author had to face. It gives the idea that all the changes and movements are happening very suddenly and the rushed feeling of attempting to find a place to call home. It showcases the loss of identity as it can signify a break between his Polish origins and his new Australian home.

# data[].attributes.body
"Watching pigeons
That watched them."

The author foreshadows what is going to happen to the immigrants by creating a sense of isolation. By repeating the phrase "watching," the author has emphasized the estrangement of these people and how they are viewed differently in society after immigrating. The future of the immigrants has been foreshadowed when comparing
the immigrants to the pigeons who immigrate from one country to another in search of shelter and are not looked after by people or given any significance. The identities of these people will demolish and disappear when they migrate to a different country, no one will care about them, where they come from, their background or what they are experiencing

# data[].attributes.body
"Time waited anxiously with us"

The poet uses personification in order to connect the readers with the property of time, the indefinite continued progress of existence, by giving "time" the human characteristic of waiting anxiously, the poet here creates a sense of identity to "time", its indefinite form of existence connects the reader to the emotions of the immigrants as they are waiting for the train to arrive. The countless families standing, hemmed together, feel a lack of purpose and belonging within their identities, just like time, they exist indefinitely and are expected to bury the anxiety and trauma in their minds and start a new life with the label of "Refugees" and with the hopes of becoming "Immigrants". Furthermore, Skryznecki depicts the realities of these migrants through times association with anxiety. Time is one of the most certain properties that may exist, in time it is always known and sure what's to come next, when the clock ticks 12:00 it is known that 12:01 will follow precisely 60 seconds after. Contrastingly, something as inevitable as time to be anxious about what's to come next unravels a new perspective for the reader about the identity of an immigrant. An individual's life isn't always sure, however, the location and occupation and safety circumstances are indisputable for at least a long period of time, to lose all that certainty in such a short time, could make things as definite as time anxious. Therefore, the poet utilises personification to create a deeper understanding of the identity of an Immigrant.

# data[].attributes.body
"And space hemmed us/Against each other/Like cattle bought for slaughter."

Focus: "And space hemmed us/Against each other"

The juxtaposition of the terms 'space' and 'hemmed' highlights the restriction of movement for the people of the poem. The unoccupied spaces between these individuals have tightly bound and stitched them together, and the opposition in the ideas of freedom and restriction (i.e. free space and hemming) is a paragon of the extremity of their conditions. Peter Skrzynecki thus highlights the way in which people who might have been individualized by their nationality, hobbies, etc. are now characterized by the act of seeking refuge.

In a literal sense, immigration pressures people into small spaces, while also metaphorically pressuring them to assume the identity of 'the refugee' and the pain that comes with leaving ones home. It even forces them to adopt the identities of the dehumanized people surrounding them, 'the cattle'. There is no room for freedom of thought or identity; they are to be categorized by their shared path and fate.

Therefore, the absence of freedom paints a sordid picture of the people on the train, who might even attempt to seek identities in the little cracks of free space between them and the entirely deprived people around them, as they bitterly transform from refugee to immigrant, or perhaps castaway.

# data[].attributes.body
"It was sad to hear
The train's whistle this morning
At the railway station"

Effect of enjambment:
Skryznecki uses enjambment to develop drama in the poem in a way that the first line isn't the conclusion of the thinking or idea, but rather a cliffhanger to keep the listener guessing. Its extension into three lines forces the reader to continue to read and go forward in order to find out what occurs next. Furthermore, the poet quickly exposes the listener to the story of immigrants waiting at the railway/train station, recalling their thoughts and experiences, and how the word "sad" so easily foreshadows the tone of dread and melancholy that runs through the poem.

1st- Mood/tone: 'sad' connotes sadness and foreboding.
2nd- Sound/five senses: 'trains whistle in the morning' = suddenly, jarring to the ear.
3rd- Setting/location: 'a train station' = chilly, gloomy, and underground, implying travel or leaving a region.

Generally, the idea that they had been so constrained and enclosed to having a predetermined personality and identity as 'foreigners', runs throughout the poem, and these three lines encapsulate how they were forced to reach closer to do something they didn't want due to their circumstances. This has a relationship with identity because people who aren't allowed the freedom to make their own decisions frequently have their identities stripped away from them, forcing them to abandon their countries. The train whistled so loudly that it announced a significant change. The sound of the train made them feel as though their life were about to be snatched away. Fear is linked to the author's choice of a train station as being the one thing the rest of their future depended on. As a result, this poem reconnects to identification since immigrants waiting in the railway station were primarily grouped and weren't regarded as individuals, but rather as groups of nothing but individuals who had their identities robbed and had nowhere to call home.

# data[].attributes.body
“Behind upturned collars”

The author, Peter Skrzynecki, applies symbolism to represent the immigrants exhaustion and sense of hiding by comparing their fleeing of restriction and exhaustion to “upturned collars”. When wearing a collared button up, people usually loosen the tie and upturn their collars to get rid of its restriction, the author uses the action of upturning a collar to express the way in which immigrants recognize that they must abandon their countries and communities to free themselves of its restrictions. Skrzynecki describes the immigrants fear of losing their identity when he symbolizes hiding behind “upturned collars”, this symbolism emphasizes the immigrants tiredness and anxiety of starting over in a completely foreign place free of their countries’ limitations.

# data[].attributes.body
"The air was crowded"

Through the use of hyperbole when describing the event the author highlights how the process of immigration dehumanises a person therefore losing their identity. When overexaggerating features if the event the audience creates this intense image in their mind, as the immigrants are being moved in dense groups the reader will corelate this to cattle being moved around. When this humanly treatment is no longer present your identity and who you are is now irrelevant, this correlates with the subject of identity crisi where people often lose features which define them as a human being.