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Urbanization spurs a unique set of issues to both humans and animals. Concentrated energy use leads to greater air pollution with significant impact on human health.

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As more people move to the edge of towns and cities, traffic congestion may get worse. Many people will drive their cars into the city center to get to work. This causes a bottleneck and congestion.

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The exploding urban population growth creates unprecedented challenges such as Water and Sanitization problems . A lack of safe drinking water and sanitation results in fecal-oral diseases such as diarrhoea and outbreaks of malaria and cholera

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Urbanization also causes poverty. Many urban cities have seen a population explosion that can be hard to plan for. As a result, employment opportunities may dry up quicker than expected — leading to unemployment

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As there are negatives there are positive effects of urbanization too like-
1. Employment opportunities will increase.
2.Standard of living increases.
3.Easier access to healthcare, education, entertainment.

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Trade has been one of the primary reasons behind urbanization. The export and import of goods and services is a prosperous business venture. The modern society has a constant need for the distribution and spread of products, services, and other commercial transactions

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The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper goods.