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I think that Cross’ love for someone is the one thing that keeps him going, especially when war gets hard. He thinks of Martha so much because it helps him get through the war.

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I think that Cross’ love for someone is the one thing that keeps him going, especially when war gets hard. He thinks of Martha so much because it helps him get through the war.

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Cross daydreaming and getting distracted by the thoughts of Martha could potentially hurt him because he wouldn’t have his entire attention on the war. I think that O’Brien is demonstrating the importance of having a balance in your life. He is showing that you can’t consume yourself with just one thing because other aspects of your life will be ruined due to it.

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Cross daydreaming and getting distracted by the thoughts of Martha could potentially hurt him because he wouldn’t have his entire attention on the war. I think that O’Brien is demonstrating the importance of having a balance in your life. He is showing that you can’t consume yourself with just one thing because other aspects of your life will be ruined due to it.

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“They shared the weight of memory. They took up what others could no longer bear. Often, they carried each other, the wounded or weak.” (O’Brien 14). I think this quote displays how brave the men are in the book. These people live in fear that they could die any minute, yet they still go out and do their best. Not only do they do their best to survive themselves, but they help the people in their groups. These men help each other when they can’t help themselves and I think that is the true definition of bravery. 

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“They shared the weight of memory. They took up what others could no longer bear. Often, they carried each other, the wounded or weak.” (O’Brien 14). I think this quote displays how brave the men are in the book. These people live in fear that they could die any minute, yet they still go out and do their best. Not only do they do their best to survive themselves, but they help the people in their groups. These men help each other when they can’t help themselves and I think that is the true definition of bravery. 

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"So as you can see the soldiers not only carry the burdens of war with them, they carry things that remind them what it is like to be human, they carry things that characterize them and keep them going" (Loewe).

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"So as you can see the soldiers not only carry the burdens of war with them, they carry things that remind them what it is like to be human, they carry things that characterize them and keep them going" (Loewe).

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In the book he writes about how he was a liberal and didn’t believe in the violence of war, yet as we know he still went to war. This internal struggle O”Brien has I think shows the topic of cowardice. He thinks that he is a coward for submitting into society’s standards and not doing what he believed in. Instead of going to Canada, “[he] would go to the war-[he] would kill and maybe die-because [he] was embarrassed not to” (O’Brien 57). I think this covers a very important topic about complacency. O’Brien and maybe many other soldiers went to war because of what society told them to do. They didn’t even know what they were fighting for, yet still killed many innocent lives. This cowardice didn’t do any good for the world, and in fact it made many people's lives worse as people fought in a war they didn’t want to be in and many innocent people died. 

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In the book he writes about how he was a liberal and didn’t believe in the violence of war, yet as we know he still went to war. This internal struggle O”Brien has I think shows the topic of cowardice. He thinks that he is a coward for submitting into society’s standards and not doing what he believed in. Instead of going to Canada, “[he] would go to the war-[he] would kill and maybe die-because [he] was embarrassed not to” (O’Brien 57). I think this covers a very important topic about complacency. O’Brien and maybe many other soldiers went to war because of what society told them to do. They didn’t even know what they were fighting for, yet still killed many innocent lives. This cowardice didn’t do any good for the world, and in fact it made many people's lives worse as people fought in a war they didn’t want to be in and many innocent people died. 

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Not only this but feeling guilty shows that the person cares. I think that guilt can determine a lot about a person. For example, in the chapter “The Man I Killed”, the character feels guilty for killing the man who was walking past him. He says, “[f]or me, it was not a matter of live or die. I was in no real peril. Almost certainly the young man would have passed me by. And it will always be that way”  after he has thought about what he had done (O’Brien 127). I think the character is guilty for killing the guy because he knows he didn’t have to. The character’s guilt shows that a part of him is still human, which is a good thing because people in war usually turn off their emotions to stop them from getting in the way.

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Not only this but feeling guilty shows that the person cares. I think that guilt can determine a lot about a person. For example, in the chapter “The Man I Killed”, the character feels guilty for killing the man who was walking past him. He says, “[f]or me, it was not a matter of live or die. I was in no real peril. Almost certainly the young man would have passed me by. And it will always be that way”  after he has thought about what he had done (O’Brien 127). I think the character is guilty for killing the guy because he knows he didn’t have to. The character’s guilt shows that a part of him is still human, which is a good thing because people in war usually turn off their emotions to stop them from getting in the way.

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I think guilt can also function as a way to determine what is wrong and right. For example, the guilt that came after he had done his automatic response and killed the other man allowed him to see the wrong of war and how messed up it can be.

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I think guilt can also function as a way to determine what is wrong and right. For example, the guilt that came after he had done his automatic response and killed the other man allowed him to see the wrong of war and how messed up it can be.

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"For guilt to be present, the person committing the wrongdoing must be aware that what they are doing is morally wrong, or at least wrong in their mind. For example, someone who eats a cookie on their diet might feel guilty about it, while others do not see it as anything abnormal" (Robison).

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"For guilt to be present, the person committing the wrongdoing must be aware that what they are doing is morally wrong, or at least wrong in their mind. For example, someone who eats a cookie on their diet might feel guilty about it, while others do not see it as anything abnormal" (Robison).

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"Evidently, guilt lives on far after the moments that caused the guilt" (Moody).

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"Evidently, guilt lives on far after the moments that caused the guilt" (Moody).

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Because he does feel responsible for the men, is another reason why he feels he needs to write to Kiowa’s dad. I think that being Lieutenant put a lot of pressure on Cross to do the “right” thing. I think he was constantly trying to do his best, and he even wanted to change his view of his men, saying “[h]e preferred to view his men not as units but as human beings” (O’Brien 157). I think because he feels responsible for everyone in his unit, it hits him especially hard when one of them dies.

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Because he does feel responsible for the men, is another reason why he feels he needs to write to Kiowa’s dad. I think that being Lieutenant put a lot of pressure on Cross to do the “right” thing. I think he was constantly trying to do his best, and he even wanted to change his view of his men, saying “[h]e preferred to view his men not as units but as human beings” (O’Brien 157). I think because he feels responsible for everyone in his unit, it hits him especially hard when one of them dies.

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“He would not lose a member of his command like this. It wasn’t right” (O’Brien 156). 

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“He would not lose a member of his command like this. It wasn’t right” (O’Brien 156). 

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“I did not kill him. But I was present, you see, and my presence was guilt enough. I remember his face, which was not a pretty face, because his jaw was in his throat, and I remember feeling the burden of responsibility and grief. I blamed myself. And rightly so, because I was present” (O’Brien 171).

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“I did not kill him. But I was present, you see, and my presence was guilt enough. I remember his face, which was not a pretty face, because his jaw was in his throat, and I remember feeling the burden of responsibility and grief. I blamed myself. And rightly so, because I was present” (O’Brien 171).

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"In every scenario it is difficult to pin responsibility on a single person because it is almost never just their fault" (Rosas).

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"In every scenario it is difficult to pin responsibility on a single person because it is almost never just their fault" (Rosas).

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"PTSD is not a bad description of the persistence in to life after mortal danger..." (0:57 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"PTSD is not a bad description of the persistence in to life after mortal danger..." (0:57 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...the primary injury the uncomplicated injury uncomplicated in the medical sense that if a mortar fragment slices across a soldiers or Marines arm like that whether it breaks the bone or not. That wound is the uncomplicated or simple or primary but that doesn't kill that soldier or marine. What kills him is the complications infection hemorrhage. Now I view the persistence into civilian life after battle were into life in garrison as the simple or primary injury..." (1:15 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...the primary injury the uncomplicated injury uncomplicated in the medical sense that if a mortar fragment slices across a soldiers or Marines arm like that whether it breaks the bone or not. That wound is the uncomplicated or simple or primary but that doesn't kill that soldier or marine. What kills him is the complications infection hemorrhage. Now I view the persistence into civilian life after battle were into life in garrison as the simple or primary injury..." (1:15 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...competent and ethical leadership on the ground that would go a long way to preventing some of the moral injuries that we see frequently" (3:20 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...competent and ethical leadership on the ground that would go a long way to preventing some of the moral injuries that we see frequently" (3:20 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...in moral injury as I define it betrayal of what's right by someone with legitimate authority in a high stakes situation. Then the character begins to change and what happens is that one's social and moral horizon shrinks" (6:10 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...in moral injury as I define it betrayal of what's right by someone with legitimate authority in a high stakes situation. Then the character begins to change and what happens is that one's social and moral horizon shrinks" (6:10 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...ambitions begin to shrink and lose their their air in their lungs. They lose a capacity for caring about the well-being of others..." (7:20 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"...ambitions begin to shrink and lose their their air in their lungs. They lose a capacity for caring about the well-being of others..." (7:20 Shay Moral Wounds of War).

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"I can't emphasize enough credentialed mental health professionals like me in my view have no place in center stage. It's the veterans themselves healing each other that belongs in center stage" (8:10 Shay Moral Wounds of War). 

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"I can't emphasize enough credentialed mental health professionals like me in my view have no place in center stage. It's the veterans themselves healing each other that belongs in center stage" (8:10 Shay Moral Wounds of War). 

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"Well I came home with trauma, but not that kind right I came home with bearing a certain burden of participation in something that I probably shouldn't have participated in given what I believed" (3:46 O'Brien Interview I)

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"Well I came home with trauma, but not that kind right I came home with bearing a certain burden of participation in something that I probably shouldn't have participated in given what I believed" (3:46 O'Brien Interview I)

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"There was suddenly material that seemed to me of such import that it wasn't a decision to write, I had to write. When I came back from the war I was broken-hearted, I was full of guilt and a sense of why did I do the things I did during that war?" (12:00 O'Brien Interview I)

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"There was suddenly material that seemed to me of such import that it wasn't a decision to write, I had to write. When I came back from the war I was broken-hearted, I was full of guilt and a sense of why did I do the things I did during that war?" (12:00 O'Brien Interview I)

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"When your scared enough, when your angry enough, it happens when your friends are dying all around you and you're being shot at and you're walking through, that you're capable of doing bad stuff" (16:30 O'Brien Interview I)

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"When your scared enough, when your angry enough, it happens when your friends are dying all around you and you're being shot at and you're walking through, that you're capable of doing bad stuff" (16:30 O'Brien Interview I)

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"I think poetry gives you probably the only way that you can deliver all of those feelings simultaneously" (2:00 Lennox Voices in Wartime I)

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"I think poetry gives you probably the only way that you can deliver all of those feelings simultaneously" (2:00 Lennox Voices in Wartime I)

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"You see these two have been taking turns dying on me again and again and again for all these long years and still people tell me forget Naam" (3:07 Connolly Voices in Wartime I)

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"You see these two have been taking turns dying on me again and again and again for all these long years and still people tell me forget Naam" (3:07 Connolly Voices in Wartime I)

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"And the grief a solider feels when a comrade is killed or severely maimed is a kin to the grief of a mother whose child has just been killed" (3:54 Shay Voices in Wartime I)

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"And the grief a solider feels when a comrade is killed or severely maimed is a kin to the grief of a mother whose child has just been killed" (3:54 Shay Voices in Wartime I)

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"...fear, which is overpowering in situations where violent death is all around you. Fear is something which you have a constant second by second minute by minute hour by hour battle to control. And you always have moments in which fear takes control..." (5:38 Hedges Voices in Wartime I)

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"...fear, which is overpowering in situations where violent death is all around you. Fear is something which you have a constant second by second minute by minute hour by hour battle to control. And you always have moments in which fear takes control..." (5:38 Hedges Voices in Wartime I)

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"The thing about poets is they are always the first to broach a subject or to dare to say something they break taboos that's what they do in society" (3:24 Swift Voices in Wartime II)

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"The thing about poets is they are always the first to broach a subject or to dare to say something they break taboos that's what they do in society" (3:24 Swift Voices in Wartime II)

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"You create something that is better than this terrible remembrance you also bring some credit some justice and some remembrance to these men that died" (21:34 Connolly Voices in Wartime III) 

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"You create something that is better than this terrible remembrance you also bring some credit some justice and some remembrance to these men that died" (21:34 Connolly Voices in Wartime III) 

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I think that love is something that soldier's need to have when they go to war. I think it is essential to care about something or someone because ti grounds them to their emotions. Without emotions, they could become emotionless killing machines. I think it is also important to note how O'Brien talks about cowardice. I think that his idea of conforming to society standards fits for everyone, and he is right that it is kind of cowardly to do something you don't want to do because you are afraid.

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I think that guilt is a good thing because it allows you to know you have emotions and it functions as a way for a person to grow. If no one felt guilty for something they did they wouldn't be able to change the way they are and grow. I also liked Owen and Sadie's responses because I think that both are correct that guilt is only present when a person thinks they did something wrong and guilt can live on for years and years after the event.

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I liked Angela's sentence because I agree that everyone is responsible and the blame can't be put on 1 person. Everyone is responsible for something in their lives, no matter how small or big that responsibility is. I think that it is important to know that Lieutenant Cross shouldn't be the only one who feels guilty for Kiowa's death because he wasn't the only person responsible for him. I think that all the soldiers are responsible for each other and they care for each other like family.

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I enjoyed watching the Shay edpuzzle because it put into perspective war and the aftermaths of it. I never really knew the psychological effects that war can have on a person. It makes sense that a physical injury is less complicated than a mental injury because there are many different ways to treat physical injuries where there is only a small amount of ways to treat or even diagnose mental injuries because the brain is so complex and different for each person. I especially think that people who have gone through the same experiences are better able to help each other because they understand. I think that even in regular life, "competent and ethical" leadership is important to preventing moral injuries (3:20 Shay). I think in these crazy past 2 years we have seen how good leadership is important to a functioning society.

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I think O'Brien and many of the other veterans from "Voices in Wartime" agree that writing helped them understand and cope with the experiences they went through during war. I think that O'Brien's book reflects how he felt the need to write about his experiences instead of it being a decision. I think his book educates a lot about war and he wouldn't feel the need to write unless he felt guilty. I think because he felt guilty for joining a war he never wanted to, it caused him to write to educate more people about war and the truth about it.

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I think that these edpuzzles helped put into perspective the way veterans feel. The veterans opinions helped tie up O'Brien's book. I think that veterans are extremely brave for having to come back to society and try and integrate into it with the harsh experiences they dealt with in wartime. I find it interesting how close of a bond comrades make during war. It's crazy how people from all over the world can become as close as a mother and child. They were even saying how they felt the same as people on the other side of the war. I think that during war fear bonds these people together as they all feel the same. They are risking their lives for something and everyday they don't know if they will end up dead or not. This overwhelming feeling is something only people in war will be able to feel which is why comrades are so close.