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WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

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WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

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a decrease in biodiversity within a spesies , an ecosystem a given geographic area, or Earth as a whole. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term that refers to the number of genes, species, individual organisms within a given species, and biological communities within a defined geographic area, ranging from the smallest ecosystem to the global biosphere. A biological community is an interacting group of various species in a common location. Likewise, biodiversity loss describes the decline in the number, genetic variability, and variety of species, and the biological communities in a given area. This loss in the variety of life can lead to a breakdown in the functioning of the ecosystem where decline has happened.

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An area’s biodiversity increases and decreases with natural cycles. Seasonal changes, such as the onset of spring, create opportunities for feeding and breeding, increasing biodiversity as the populations of many species rise. In contrast, the onset of winter temporarily decreases an area’s biodiversity, as warm-adapted insects die and migrating animals leave. In addition, the seasonal rise and fall of plant and invertebrate populations such as insects and plankton, which serve as food for other forms of life, also determine an area’s biodiversity.

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Forest clearing, wetland filling, stream channeling and rerouting, and road and building construction are often part of a systematic effort that produces a substantial change in the ecological trajectory of a landscape or a region. As human populations grow, the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they use may be transformed by the efforts of human beings to find and produce food, adapt the landscape to human settlement, and create opportunities for trading with other communities for the purposes of building wealth. Biodiversity losses typically accompany these processes.

Researchers have identified five important drivers of biodiversity loss:
1) Habitat loss
2) Invasive spesies
3) Overexploitation
4) Pollution
5) Climate change associated with global warming

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Biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecosystem health. Declining biodiversity lowers an ecosystem’s productivity the amount of food energy that is converted into the biomass and lowers the quality of the ecosystem’s services which often include maintaining the soil, purifying water that runs through it, and supplying food and shade, etc.

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Biodiversity loss affects economic systems and human society. Humans rely on various plants, animals, and other organisms for food, building materials, and medicines, and their availability as commodities is important to many cultures. The loss of biodiversity among these critical natural resources threatens global food security and the development of new pharmaceuticals to deal with future diseases. Simplified, homogenized ecosystems can also represent an aesthetic loss.

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Dealing with biodiversity loss is tied directly to the conservation challenges posed by the underlying drivers. Conservation biologists note that these problems could be solved using a mix of public policy and economic solutions assisted by continued monitoring and education. Governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the scientific community must work together to create incentives to conserve natural habitats and protect the species within them from unnecessary harvesting, while disincentivizing behaviour that contributes to habitat loss and degradation. Sustainable development economic planning that seeks to foster growth while preserving environmental quality must be considered when creating new farmland and human living spaces. Laws that prevent poaching and the indiscriminate trade in wildlife must be improved and enforced. Shipping materials at ports must be inspected for stowaway organisms.

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Commodities = a useful or valuable thing

Pharmaceutical = relating to medical drugs , or their preparation , use or sale

Aesthetic loss = destruction or deterioration

Incentive = a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something

Harvesting = gather (a crop) as a harverst

Disincetivizing = discourage (a person or course of action) by removing an incentive

Indiscriminate = done at random or without carefull judgement

Stowaway = a person who secretly boards a vehicle , such as a ship , an aircraft , a train , cargo truck or bus

Biomass = renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals

Breeding = the mating and production of offspring by animals

Substantial = concerning the essentials of something

Trajectory = the path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces

Terrestrial = on or relating to the earth

Wealth = a plentiful supply of a particular desirable thing

Foster = encourage the development of (something especially something desirable)

Conserve = protect (something , especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from harm or destruction

Inspected = examine (someone or something) to ensure that they reach an official standard

Onset = the beginning of something , esspecially something unpleasant

Various = more than one or several

Degradation = the condition or process of degrading or being degraded