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He became king in 768 after his father's death, he was co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman died in December 771 inexplicably leaving Charlemagne as the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. Later, Carlemange conquered much of the Saxon territories expanding into today's Germany. because of that he is considered to be the father of the German Monarchy

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Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. The Vikings were navigators and sailors. Vikings used longships to move across the sea. Charlemagne, king of the Franks, Defended along the coast to ward off these Viking raids. In the late 700s, the Vikings invaded the British Isles.

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Charlemagne Crowned Holy RomanEmperor 800

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Charlemagne Crowned Holy RomanEmperor 800

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in Rome, Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Romans over the Holy Roman Empire. He was given the title Carolus Augustus. his title had no official power, it gave Charlemagne much respect throughout Europe.

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Began when the Seljuk Turks took the Holy Land Armies from Europe drove out the turks from Jerusalem. Armies from Europe successfully drove out the turks from Jerusalem.

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When the city of Edessa was conquered by the Turks. The entire population was killed or sold into slavery. Then a second Crusade began but failed.

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when Saladin, the sultan of Egypt, recaptured the city of Jerusalem from the Christians. A third Crusade began led by Emperor Barbarossa of Germany, King Philip Augustus of France, and King Richard the Lionheart of England. Richard the Lionheart fought Saladin for several years. In the end he finally earned his people the right to visit Jerusalem.

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The last Crusade was issued by Pope Innocent III, he intended to take back the Holy Land. However, the Crusaders got sidetracked and greedy and ended up conquering and plundering Constantinople instead.

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King John met the barons in Runnymede, a neutral place west of London. the barons demanded that King John sign the Magna Carta giving them certain rights. King John agreed to do his duty as King of England, upholding the law and running a fair government; doing this allowed the barons agreed to give up London.

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Between England and France, the war truly began when King Edward III of England claimed that he was the rightful king of France; and when King Edward III decided to fight. He decided to invade France and reassert his right to the French throne.  Joan of Ark took leadership of the French army claiming having visions. She led the French to several victories before she was captured by the English and burned at the stake. France pushed the English army out of France taking Bordeaux in 1453 signaling the end of the Hundred Years War.

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was an extremely deadly disease spread by merchants along the Silk Road in Asia, the disease was originally carried by the fleas that lived in rats. the disease wiped out a third of Europe.

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In the late 1300s, Florence had become a rich city. Most people had the money to hire artisans and craftspeople. This inspired competitions among artists and thinkers. Art began to flourish and new ideas began to emerge. Artists and inventors like Michelangelo, Leonardo, Dante, And Rafael gained popularity during this time.

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It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition. However all it succeeded in doing was prosecuting 150,000 people or various offenses during the three centuries of duration of the Spanish Inquisition, out of the people that were prosecuted between 3,000 and 5,000 were executed. the original intention intended to primarily identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism.