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According to Aboriginal belief, all life as it is today - Human, Animal, Bird and Fish is part of one vast unchanging network of relationships which can be traced to the great spirit ancestors of the Dreamtime.

The Dreamtime continues as the "Dreaming" in the spiritual lives of aboriginal people today. The events of the ancient era of creation are enacted in ceremonies and danced in mime form. Song chant incessantly to the accompaniment of the didgeridoo or clap sticks relates the story of events of those early times and brings to the power of the dreaming to bear of life today.

The Sacred World

The Dreamtime is the Aboriginal understanding of the world, of it's creation, and it's great stories. The Dreamtime is the beginning of knowledge, from which came the laws of existence. For survival these laws must be observed.

Dreamtime painting by Norbett Lynch

The Dreaming world was the old time of the Ancestor Beings. They emerged from the earth at the time of the creation. Time began in the world the moment these supernatural beings were "born out of their own Eternity".

The Earth was a flat surface, in darkness. A dead, silent world. Unknown forms of life were asleep, below the surface of the land. Then the supernatural Ancestor Beings broke through the crust of the earth form below , with tumultuous force.

The sun rose out of the ground. The land received light for the first time. The supernatural Beings, or Totemic Ancestors, resembled creatures or plants, and were half human. They moved across the barren surface of the world. They travelled hunted and fought, and changed the form of the land. In their journeys, they created the landscape, the mountains, the rivers, the trees, waterholes, plains and sandhills. They made the people themselves, who are descendants of the Dreamtime ancestors. They made the Ant, Grasshopper, Emu, Eagle, Crow, Parrot, Wallaby, Kangaroo, Lizard, Snake, and all food plants. They made the natural elements : Water, Air, Fire. They made all the celestial bodies : the Sun, the Moon and the Stars. Then, wearied from all their activity, the mythical creatures sank back into the earth and returned to their state of sleep.

Sometimes their spirits turned into rocks or trees or a part of the landscape. These became sacred places, to be seen only by initiated men. These sites had special qualities.

The Physical World

" OUR LAND OUR LIFE "

'We don't own the land, the land owns us'

'The Land is my mother, my mother is the land'

'Land is the starting point to where it all began. It is like picking up a piece of dirt and saying this is where I started and this is where I will go'

'The land is our food, our culture, our spirit and identity'

'We don't have boundaries like fences, as farmers do. We have spiritual connections'

Land means many things to many people. To a farmer, land is a means of production and the source of a way of life. It is economic sustainability. To a property developer, it is a bargaining chip and the means of financial progress and success. To many Australians, land is something they can own if they work hard enough and save enough money to buy it. To Indigenous people land is not just something that they can own or trade. Land has a spiritual value.

The Human World

We are the Indigenous people of Australia. Aboriginal people are those traditional cultures and lands lie on the mainland and most of the islands, including Tasmania, Fraser Island, Palm Island, Mornington Island, Groote Eylandt, Bathrust and Melville Islands. The term "Aboriginal" has become one of the most disputed in the Australian language.

The Commonwealth definition is social more than racial, in keeping with the change in Australian attitudes away from racialistic thinking about other people. An Aboriginal person is defined as a person who is a descendant of an Indigenous inhabitant of Australia, identifies as an Aboriginal, and is recognised as Aboriginal by members of the community in which she or he lives.

This definition is preferred by the vast majority of our people over the racial definitions of the assimilation era. Administration of the definition, at least by the Commonwealth for the purposes of providing grants or loans, requires that an applicant present a certificate of Aboriginality issued by an incorporated Aboriginal body under its common seal.

Sometimes non-Aboriginal people get confused by the great range and variety of Aboriginal and Torres Strait people, from the traditional hunter to the Doctor of Philosophy; from the dark-skinned to the very fair; from the speaker of traditional languages to the radio announcer who speaks the Queen's English. The lesson to be learned from this is that we should not stereotype people ; that people are different, regardless of race.

Our people, of course, did not use the word "Aborigene" (from the latin ab, origin meaning "from the beginning" to refer to ourselves before the coming of non-Aborigenes. Everyone was simply a person.

Related Topics:

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According to Aboriginal belief, all life as it is today - Human, Animal, Bird and Fish is part of one vast unchanging network of relationships which can be traced to the great spirit ancestors of the Dreamtime. The Dreamtime continues as the "Dreaming" in the spiritual lives of aboriginal people today.

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The Aboriginal Traditional Owners welcome you to Kakadu National Park. We are happy and proud to share this special place with you.

Kakadu is a living cultural landscape. It has been home to Aboriginal people for more than 65,000 years. Ours is the oldest living culture on earth.

We are Bininj/Mungguy

Aboriginal people are called Bininj in the north of the park and Mungguy in the south. Some of us live in Kakadu's towns and others live in more remote parts of the park, but all of us have a deep spiritual connection to our country.

The land and its people have always been linked. Caring for our land and its wildlife is fundamental to our culture. Art, language, ceremonies, kinship and caring for country are all aspects of cultural responsibility that we have passed from one generation to the next, since the Creation time.

Our clans

Our clans consist of two or more family groups sharing ownership of an area of land. Clan boundaries are passed from one generation to the next, generally through the father. Kakadu has about 19 clan groups.

Kinship

Visit the Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Centre for a great display and interactive game to help you understand kinship.

In the Kakadu area, our kinship system is very complex. All people, plants, animals, songs, dances, ceremonies and land are divided into two groups, or 'moieties': Duwa or Yirridja. Each moiety is subdivided into eight 'skin' groups. A child's skin group is determined by their mother's skin group but they inherit their moiety from their father.

In simple terms, kinship can be described as a system that defines how people relate to each other. Through the use of 'skin' names we identify the people around us as mothers, fathers, uncles, aunts, cousins, potential marriage partners, and so on, and modify our behaviour accordingly. Almost every aspect of day-to-day communication with other Aboriginal people is governed by kinship ties.

Respecting culture

Our local Aboriginal culture has a set of social behaviours and customs which are considered good manners.

Traditionally, Aboriginal people (Bininj/Mungguy) do not greet each other every time they meet. However, we are used to non-Aboriginal people doing so and may expect a 'hello'.

Many Bininj/Mungguy do not use personal names as freely as non-Aboriginal people do and we often address each other by kinship terms.

Bininj/Mungguy appreciate privacy. It is good manners not to take photographs of us without permission.

Some Bininj/Mungguy find constant eye contact uncomfortable.

In Bininj/Mungguy culture it is important to listen carefully and consider the response carefully before giving an answer.

It is polite to say goodbye when leaving. Our word for goodbye is 'bobo' (pronounced bor bor).

Show respect by not entering restricted areas. They may be sacred sites, ceremonial sites, burial grounds or even someone's home.

Take the first step

A journey of 1000 miles begins with a single click.

Enter your email to get free trip planning advice from Kakadu rangers.

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The Aboriginal Traditional Owners welcome you to Kakadu National Park. We are happy and proud to share this special place with you.

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Discover Māori culture in New Zealand | 100% Pure New Zealand

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Māori are the tangata whenua (indigenous people) of Aotearoa New Zealand and their culture is an integral part of local life. Experience Māori culture first-hand when you visit New Zealand.

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Kids learn about the social structure in traditional Native American society including chief and leaders, tribes, clans, villages, families, rules, and interesting facts.

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are an integral part of the American Society with rich culture and history dating back to ice age. Learning about Native Americans is very interesting and kids love to read about them. We have gathered complete set of "Native American Facts for Kids " that will enable the kids to learn all about Native Americans . You will be able to learn where they came from, their population, where they lived, their history & rights movement, their culture, festivals, clothing, totems, houses, food, religion, gods, symbols and many more with pictures and videos. Do not forget to share this page with your friends and family.

Native American Facts for Kids

1. What is Native American - Who are Native Americans

Native Americans are the indigenous people of the North and South America.

Indigenous people means the ethnic groups of people who are the original inhabitants of a particular region.

In simple words Native Americans are the people that have been living in America before its discovery by Columbus.

They have the blood line of original people of north and south America.

They are the first owners of America.

They are also known as American Indians, Indigenous Americans, Indian and Alaska Natives.

2. When did Native Americans Get to America

They migrated to America 12000 to 15000 years ago during the ice age from Asia and Europe.

3. How Long have Native Americans been in America

Native Americans have been in America for at least 12000 years.

4. Where are Native Americans From

Native Americans are from Asia and Europe.

They resemble the people of Mongolia, China and Siberia.

5. How did the Native American get to North America

They crossed over through a land bridge that existed between Asia and America more than 12000 years ago during the ice age.

This land bridge was called Beringia.

6. How Many Native American in USA - Native American Population

According to census in 2010

5.4 Million native Americans live in USA.

The total population is estimated to be 50-100 million.

7. State With Most Native Americans

California has the largest population of native americans in USA.

About 362,801 Native Americans live in California .

8. Percentage of Native American in USA

In 2014, they were about 2 percent of the total population of USA.

American Indian and Alaska Native are about 48 percent of the total Native American population while the American Indian and Alaska Native combined with any one or more races are about 52 percent.

9. States Named After Native Americans

10. Where Do Native Americans Live - Native American States

Major American states where native American live are:

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11. Native American Languages

There are around 800 indigenous languages spoken by Native Americans. The major ones are:

12. Native American Genealogy

Genealogy is the study of families in which their history and lineages are traced.

Native Americans use several approaches and sources to discover information about their possible ancestors.

It include documentations, records, genetic analysis, collaboration, volunteerism, and genealogy softwares.

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is possibly the largest database of histories and records of Native American tribes.

There are also several other jurisdictions in USA, including hospitals, churches and schools that possess recorded information about native Americans.

13. Native American History

14. Native American Rights

Rights of the Native Americans are slightly complicated because they have dual citizenship, that is, of United States and of their own tribes.

This special relationship cause tension between rights that Native Americans obtained through tribal sovereignty and rights that US government give to their individual citizens.

The tension was at extreme until US government granted citizenship to Native Americans through Indian Citizenship Act in 1924.

The Voting Right Act (VRA) of 1965 significantly prohibited the race and color discrimination.

The extension of VRA in 1975 further caused the language minorities to become more secure and assisted.

In 1968, congress passed Indian Civil Rights Act (ICRA) in response to the discoveries of abuses by the tribal government.

ICRA, also called "Indian Bill of Rights", was an attempt of congress to protect civil rights of Native Americans.

In 1968, the formation of American Indian Movement (AIM) as a Native American advocacy group brought attention to the issues of living conditions, racism, and treaty rights.

In 1975, the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act gave authority to government agencies to make contracts with Indian tribes. The act also authorized the tribes to administer funds.

In 1978, the American Indian Religious Freedom Act was passed. The basic aim of the act was to preserve and protect the traditional religious rights of Native Americans, Native Hawaiians, Aleuts and Eskimos.

The Indian Child Welfare Act was another act passed in 1978. The main purpose of this act was to minimize the interest of tribes in keeping guardianship of their children.

15. Native American Tribes - List of Native American Tribes by Region

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States legally recognized 567 Native American Tribes

Regionally, they are:

Southwest Native American Tribes

Major Native American tribes at the southwest region are:

Navajo tribe

Pima tribe

Apache tribe

Hopi tribe

Pueblo tribe

Zuni tribe

These Native Americans are living in the southwest region of USA alongside the pacific ocean

This region include Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Texas.

17. Native American Totems

A totem is a sacred object, animal, or symbol that is believed by a particular tribe, group, family or an individual to have spiritual importance.

Many cultures of the Native Americans believe that every individual is attributed an animal upon birth time.

They called it animal totems and it serves as animal spirits for them.

The major animal birth totems of Native Americans and the properties and abilities to which they are tied, are the following:

Bear Totem, strength, motherhood, loneliness, curiosity, teaching and to learn modesty

Beaver Totem, artistic, creative, builder, determinative, and resourcefulness.

Deer Totem, kindness, gentleness, healing, nurturing and compassion.

Falcon Totem, true visions and quest for knowledge

Otter Totem, feminine power, trusting, inquisitive, speedy and loyal

Owl Totem, seeking truth, wisdom, swift and silent, and a night's creature

Raven Totem, light's bringer, knowledge and creativity

Salmon Totem, renewal, reliability, and persistence

Snake Totem, initiation, rebirth, and transformation

Snow Goose Totem, seeking of spiritual enlightening

Wolf Totem, leadership, intelligence, strong sense of family care-taking

Woodpecker Totem, faithfulness, kindness, family and community care-taking

18. Native American Values

Some of the many values that Native American people contribute to mainstream society are:

19. Native American Culture

Culture of a particular society means its social behavior and standards.

All the federally recognized 567 tribes of Native Americans have their own definite cultures.

The Native American tribes were either Sedentary farmers or Nomadics.

The sedentary farmers resided in one place and grew crops for food.

The nomadics were moving people in search of buffalo or other animals rich places for hunting.

Hunting and fighting were the almost men's responsibility, however women also took part in wars.

Painted faces and bodies with symbols were believed to gave special power and protection in battle.

In most tribes, only men were responsible for negotiation with other tribes and enemies.

20. Native American Religion

Major religions of the Native Americans are:

21. Native American Gods

There are seven categories of Native American's Gods, of that every individual tribe have their own various and specific ones

22. Native American Traditions - Native American Ceremonies - Native American Rituals

Some of the interesting traditions and ceremonies of Native Americans are:

Native Americans celebrate death rather of mourning the loss of loved ones.

They believe death as a new life's initiation in the Spirit World.

The Green Corn Festival

Native American Folk lores

Folklores are fictional stories without any particular location in space or time. Every Native American tribe have several folklores. Some of them are:

23. Native American Myths

Myth is a sacred narrative from the past time that may reveal the universe and life's origin or the moral values of culture in human terms.

Myths of Native American people comprise folktales and traditional narratives.

They believe that everything like ordinary people, animals, plants, and places have a divine spirit. Therefore, Nature is greatly the base of their spiritual narratives and stories.

In their myths, universal principles hold more importance than individual characteristics.

24. Native American Legends

Legend means a story about a subject from the past time that is believe to have or had been a historical value

The subject is usually a king, a popular person, a hero, a saint, or a war

The legends must have an association with a specific place and time in history

Some of the Native American legends are:

25. Native American Symbols

Native Americans used various symbols carried secret meanings. Some of them are:

Arrow for defense

Arrowhead for awareness and alertness

Bear tracks for self-observation and also leadership

Butterfly for transformation

Cactus for endurance

Circles for the cycle of seasons, and for life to death to rebirth

Days and nights for the passing of time

Dragonfly for happiness

Earth circle for four nations

Fire for renewal and purification

Feathers for honor

Hand for success in hand to hand fighting

26. Native American Literature

The Native American literature include books, novels, and collection of short stories. It also include journalism and children's literature.

Some of the Native American writers wrote to raise voice for changing their people's political and social status. They also wrote autobiographies about their own concerns and experiences.

Sherman Alexie, Donald Fixico, Simon J. Ortiz are the Native American children's writers.

Velma Wallis, Leslie Marmon Silko, Louise Erdrich are the most famous Native American women writes.

27. Native American Artifacts

The artifacts are something made by human beings, usually of archaeological or cultural interest.

The National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) contains the most considerable collection of artifacts and arts of Native Americans.

The collection in NMAI represents over 1,200 indigenous cultures and more than 12,000 years of history.

It include about 825,000 items of religious, historical and aesthetic importance, and also the objects created for daily use.

28. Native American Tools

Tools of Native Americans were basically made of stone, usually of flint stone.

They made tools such as axes, tomahawks, knives, spears, and arrows for hunting and fighting purposes.

They also made other useful implements for clothing, fishing, shelter, decoration and particularly for transport like travois and canoes.

29. Native American Jewelry

The jewelry of Native Americans are usually made of naturally occurring as well as artificial materials.

It may be vegetal fibers, hardwood, different metals, gemstones, beadwork and quillwork.

They also use animal materials for making jewelry like bones, teeth, and hide.

The jewelry include earrings, rings, bracelets, necklaces, wampum, ketohs, and labrets, etc.

30. What did Native Americans Wear - Native American Clothing

31. Native American Headdress

Warbonnet is the most famous headdress for men warriors and chiefs.

Roach Headdress or Porcupine Roach is worn by men dancers and warriors.

Horned Warbonnet or Buffalo Headdress is a sacred type of regalia worn by only men warriors.

Feather Headband is worn by both men and women for their beauty.

Basket Hats are decorative hats worn by only women is some tribes, and by both men and women in others.

Otter Fur Turbans or Otter Skin Caps are formal ceremonial headdress for men with high symbolic importance.

32. What did Native Americans Live In - Native American Houses

Different Native American tribes had built different types of houses according to their climate and lifestyle.

Some of them were temporary portable houses while some were permanent.

Wigwam was a portable house type of Algonquian groups, they used to live during the harvesting and growing seasons.

Teepees were portable houses made by the plain Indians.

Plank Houses were built by the Pacific Northwestern tribes of Native Americans.

Kiich Houses were permanent type houses built by the Serrano and Yuma tribes in California.

Hogans were permanent houses built by the Navajo tribe of Southwest.

33. What did Native Americans Eat - Native American Foods

Corn or maize, beans and squash are considered as heart of the Native American's diet.

It is believed that cuisines of the United States have roots in the foods of indigenous people, like cornbread, blueberry, cranberry, mush, turkey and hominy.

Fry-bread is a routinely eaten Native American food.

Cornbread and succotash are also popular Native American foods.

Other dishes are Acorn mush, Akutaq, Bannock, Bird brain stew, Buffalo stew, Pueblo bread, salted salmon, Tiswin, Wojape etc.

34. Native American Reservations Today

35. Native American Facts for Kids Video

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Native American Facts for Kids - All About Native American

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Complete collection of Native American Facts for Kids that will help you in learning all about Native Americans. Learn who they are, where they came from, their population, where they lived, their history & rights movement. Also learn about their culture, festivals, clothing, totems, houses, food, religion, gods, symbols and many more with pictures and videos.

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FAST FACTS

OFFICIAL NAME: Argentine Republic

FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Republic

CAPITAL: Buenos Aires

POPULATION: 43,024,374

OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Spanish

MONEY: Argentine peso

AREA: 1,073,364 square miles (2,780,400 square kilometers)

GEOGRAPHY

Argentina is a vast country located in the southern part of South America. The eighth largest country in the world, it is the second largest country in South America after Brazil, and it's about one-third the size of the United States. Argentina is bordered by the Andes Mountains and Chile to the west.

To the east of the Andes, the interior of the country is flat, fertile grassland called the Pampas. The eastern border of the country is the Atlantic Ocean. Bolivia is to the northwest and Paraguay is to the north. The high mountain spine of the Andes, called the Andes Cordillera, creates a natural 3,195-mile (5,141.9-kilometer) border with Chile.

The country is divided into four regions: The Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. The Pampas is the agricultural heartland.

PEOPLE & CULTURE

Unlike Mexico and South American countries such as Peru and Ecuador, Argentina has fewer native people and a large population, which came from Europe. The population is comprised as much as 95% of people of European descent, mostly from Italy, Spain, and Germany. Much of the native population died from diseases brought in by Europeans.

Nearly half of the population lives in the area around Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires has been called the "Paris of South America," because of the European influences.

The people are well-educated and 97% of the population can read and write.

Soccer is the favorite sport in Argentina.

Gauchos, like American cowboys, have been a symbol of the open plains of the Pampas region.

NATURE

Argentina is rich in animal species. The coast of Patagonia is home to elephant seals, fur seals, penguins, and sea lions. The waters off the Atlantic are home to sharks, orcas, dolphins, and salmon.

In the north, there are many large cat species such as the cougar, jaguar, and the ocelot. There are also crocodiles and caiman. Flamingos, toucans, turtles, and tortoises also live in the subtropical north.

Patagonia is a sparsely populated area rich in natural resources and wildlife, including herons, condors, pumas, tortoises, and guanacos.

The highest mountain in the Andes range is the Cerro Aconcagua, which peaks at 22,384 feet (6,960 meters). Northeast Argentina features rain forests and Iguazù Falls. These spectacular falls, on Argentina's border with Brazil, descend along a 1.6-mile (2.7-kilometer) front in a horseshoe shape.

As the country develops it is being affected by deforestation and pollution.

Argentine Peso,

Photograph by Asafta, Dreamstime

GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY

The country is a federal republic. There have been several democratically elected presidents after many years of political turmoil.

The National Congress is made of the Senate with 72 seats and the Chamber of Deputies with a total of 257 seats. There are seven judges in the Supreme Court, but that number will be reduced to five over the next few years. The president picks the judges and the senate must approve their appointments.

Sheep herding, oil, mining, agriculture, and tourism make up Patagonia's economy.

HISTORY

The Spanish arrived in 1516 and ruled the country for 300 years. In 1806, a British force overpowered Spanish military in Buenos Aires and attacked the Malvinas Islands, also called the Falkland Islands. Local residents recaptured the capital, but never regained control of the islands. These events led to the loosening of Spain's grip on Argentina.

In 1810, Napoleon's forces conquered all major Spanish cities in Spain and the Argentine people were empowered to take control of their country. They gained independence in 1816.

In 1946, Juan Perón became president due to his popularity with the working class. His wife, Eva, known as Evita, formed a foundation and gave out cash and benefits to the poor. When she died of cancer in 1952, the people were very sad. She was a symbol of hope to all the poor in Argentina. Juan Perón was forced out of office after he tried to increase his powers. Even after he left office, his followers continued to fight for political power.

After many violent years and near civil war, Perón was re-elected president and his new wife, Isabel, became vice president. He died suddenly and Isabel became president and soon the country's economy fell apart.

The military took control of the country in 1976, and a period of violence called the "dirty war" ensued, during which as many as 20,000-30,000 revolutionaries or sympathizers were killed.

In 1982, the president of Argentina, General Leopoldo Galtieri invaded the Falkland Islands off the coast in the Atlantic Ocean thinking the British wouldn't put up a fight. Galtieri miscalculated and British forces won an easy victory. After the defeat, the country moved toward democracy and civilian rule.

Check out the interactive map and discover more countries.

Get Facts, Photos, and videos.

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Argentina Country Profile - National Geographic Kids

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FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Argentine Republic FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Republic CAPITAL: Buenos Aires POPULATION: 43,024,374 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Spanish MONEY: Argentine peso AREA: 1,073,364 square miles (2,780,400 square kilometers) GEOGRAPHY Argentina is a vast country located in the southern part of South America.

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Kids learn about the ancient civilizations of the Americas including the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca Empires.

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Kennedy Center Education Digital Learning

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Five(ish) Minute Drum Lesson - African Drumming: Lesson 1: The Djembe

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Notable minority indigenous populations in Europe include the Basque people of northern Spain and southern France, the Sami people of northern Scandinavia,