# data[].attributes.body
•Tompskins, Gail E. (2015). Literacy in the Early Grades. United States of America: Pearson   Education, Inc.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Children draw open-minded portraits to help them think more deeply about a character, reflect ons tory events from the character's viewpoint, and analyze the theme
Advantages: Children are provided with the opportunity to integrate literacy and the arts. Allows time for students to be creative.
Disadvantages: Some students do not enjoy art (drawing) and they may not be interested in the activity.
Example: After reading a book, students create a portrait of a main character from the book. Students then explain the portrait by writing a description that provides information about the character's viewpoint and the overall theme. Students then present their portraits to the class.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers use story retelling to monitor children's comprehension. They sit one-on-one with individual children and ask them to recall a story they've just read or listened to read aloud; children organize the information they remember to provide a personalized summary that reveals their level of comprehension.
Advantages: Allows teachers to determine children' level of comprehension to determine strengths and weaknesses in comprehension.
Disadvantages: Teachers often use story-retelling as a strategy to determine students' reading level. Some students will have to complete the activity multiple times if the teacher is trying to determine the frustration stage. Therefore, it can become a long process if all students are participating. (My cooperating teacher ran into this while story-retelling. Furthermore, not all students can retell stories.
Example: A teacher introduces a story to the child before the child begins reading it. As the child is reading, both the teacher and child will discuss the story. Then the child will create a graphic organizer and lastly retell the story. The teacher will mark the scoring guide while the child is retelling.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers create a semantic feature analysis to help children examine the characteristics of content-area concepts. They draw a grid for the analysis with characteristics or components od the concept listed on one axis and examples listed on the other.
Advantages: Can be used with the whole class or small groups or individually
Disadvantages: Students may not develop a deeper understanding of the characters because they are not required to provide details to support their answer.
Example: Children reading a novel can do a semantic analysis with vocabulary words listed on one axis and the characters' names on the other; they decide which words relate to which characters and use pluses and minuses to mark the relationships on the grid.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers use Role, Audience, Format, and Topic (RAFT) to create project topics and other assignments to enhance children's comprehension of stories they're reading and information they're learning in thematic units.
Advantages: Students will have the opportunity to process ideas and information in different ways as they assume varied viewpoints, and complete projects directed to specific audiences.
Disadvantages: Children may not have access to multimedia resources, therefore how they create/present their projects may be limited.
Examples: After reading the book Officer Buckle and Gloria, the students will create a RAFT graphic organizer. Example below.
Role: Officer Buckle
Audience: Gloria
Format: Conversation
Topic: Children pretend to be Officer Buckle and apologize to Gloria for his behavior.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers use mini lessons to teach short, focused lessons on literacy strategies and skills which last round 15-30 minutes.
Advantages: Provides opportunities for struggling students to receive further instruction.
Disadvantages: When teaching mini lessons, usually the instruction is small group. Therefore, the teacher will have to create another activity/assignment for students who are not participating in the mini lesson to work on while the teacher is teaching the mini lesson.
Example: If there are a handful of students who are struggling with the writing process, the teacher may decide to do a mini lesson to further instruction.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Learning logs are booklets in which children record information, write questions, summarize main ideas, draw diagrams, and reflect on their learning.
Advantages: Writing is impromptu, and the emphasis is on using writing as a learning tool rather than creating polished products. Allows students the opportunity to learn through writing.
Disadvantages: Some students may have difficulty writing and they may become frustrated.
Example: Throughout the school year many books will be read as a class. While reading these books, students can keep a learning log for each book read.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers use interactive writing to compose a message with children and write it on a chart paper. The text is created by the group and the teacher guides the children as they write it word by word.
Advantages: Interactive writing is a time that teachers can model good writing strategies.
Disadvantages: It may be difficult for the teacher to monitor individual student progress since this is a whole group activity.
Example: After reading a book as a class, the teacher and the students can create a summary of the book using interactive writing.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Teachers use interactive read aloud to share books with children. The focus is on enhancing children’s comprehension by engaging them in the reading process before, during and after reading.
Advantages: Enhances children's comprehension.
Disadvantages: Not all students may participate/pay attention during the interactive read aloud. Some students may develop better comprehension by reading themselves. To accommodate for this, teachers could provide a copy of the book for each student to follow along while the teacher is reading.
Example: Before the teacher begins reading the book Holes to the class, she could introduce the book by reading the summary on the back and providing the students with information on the author. She can also have the students make a prediction about what the book might be about based on the provided information. During reading, the teacher can stop at the beginning, middle and end of the story and have to students summarize each part. After reading, the teacher can have to students use their summaries from the beginning, middle and end of the book to create a complete summary on the entire book.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation: Children work together in small groups to create collaborative books; they each contribute one page or work with a classmate to write a page or a section of the book.
Advantages: Collaborative books are a beneficial way teachers can introduce the writing process. Children will have to opportunity to retell.

Disadvantages: It may be difficult for the teacher to monitor each small group throughout group work time. Students can become distracted and talk about things off topic.
Example: After reading Because of Winn Dixie as a class, the teacher can place students in small groups to create a collaborative book over the reading.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanation:Book talks are brief teasers that teachers give to introduce books and interest children in reading them. Teachers show the book, summarize it without giving away the ending, and read a short excerpt aloud to hook children, then they pass the book off to an interested reader or place it in the classroom library. Children use the same steps when the give book talks.
Advantages: Activates student interest in literature. Allows students to express their interest in their readings.
Disadvantages: Could possibly cause some anxiety in students who are nervous when presenting to the class.
Example: Before reading Because of Winn Dixie as a class, the teacher can give a brief overview of the book as well as read a passage or two from the book to hook the students.

# data[].attributes.body
Language: Spanish
L1: Student is at a 3rd grade reading level in Spanish
L2: Student is at a 2nd grade reading level in English
Scaffolding Method: To scaffold for the DLL during these literacy strategies, I will first be sure to provide adequate background information and relate the topic to student's prior knowledge. I then will be sure to provide concrete and explicit instructions to the strategy. I then will provide the child with a translation book and dictionary to help the child determine unknown words. I will also be sure to closely monitor and observe the student during the activities so I can record my observations to track progress. I would also be sure to answer any questions the child may have. Furthermore, I would allow the child to work with other students during activities, especially students who are at a high level of language/literacy.